<p>Wilson Cottage is a historic cure cottage located at Saranac Lake, Franklin County, New York. It was built about 1910 and is a -story, three-by-five-bay rectangular frame dwelling in the Queen Anne style. It features a partially enclosed wraparound porch on the front facade topped by an inset second story cure porch.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Witherspoon Cottage is a historic cure cottage in Saranac Lake, Franklin County, New York. It was built about 1910 as a boarding house and is a -story, square frame dwelling in the Queen Anne style. The gable roof has hipped roof dormers. It features two cure porches; one above the verandah and a second supported by four posts and spanning two-thirds of the northwest facade.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Leis Block is a historic commercial building located at Saranac Lake in the town of Harrietstown, Franklin County, New York. It was built in 1902 and is a three-story wood-frame structure. Renovations between 1910 and 1914 that added the current brick front, resulted in four full apartments, each containing a central inset sleeping porch. The storefronts once were occupied by Henry Leiss piano and music store and Earl Finegans pharmacy. Henry Leis, who owned the block until his death in 1940, also built the Leis Cottage. The current structure has ten apartments and two storefronts. The pharmacy at one time was named Terminal Pharmacy because it was the bus stop. Later it was renamed Hoffman Pharmacy.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The James Cant Ranch is a pioneer ranch complex in Grant County in eastern Oregon, United States. The ranch is located on both sides of the John Day River in the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. The ranch was originally homesteaded by Floyd Officer in 1890. Officer sold the property to James Cant in 1910. Cant increased the size of the property and built a modern ranch complex on the west bank of the river. The National Park Service bought the ranch from the Cant family in 1975, and incorporated the property into the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. The National Park Service used the main house as a visitor center until 2003. Today, the Cant Ranch complex is preserved as an interpretive site showing visitors an early 20th-century livestock ranch. The James Cant Ranch is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Native Americans used the area around the John Day River for thousands of years before the arrival of European settlers. While boundaries were never clearly defined, the site that is now the Cant Ranch was used for seasonal hunting and fishing camps by Warm Springs and Umatilla bands, both Sahaptin speaking Columbia Plateau peoples. By the nineteenth century, Northern Paiutes had migrated north from the Great Basin and were also using portions of the upper John Day watershed.</p><br>
<p>As a result of the arid climate, only a few trappers and prospectors traveled through the area before 1862 when gold was discovered in Canyon Creek, tributary of the John Day River. The discovery of gold drew a large number of miners to the area. This led to the founding of a number of mining towns in northeastern Oregon. The largest of these towns was Canyon City. A wagon road, formalized in 1869 as The Dalles Military Road between Fort Dalles on the Columbia River and Canyon City, encouraged additional growth.</p><br>
<p>Permanent homesteaders began arriving in the John Day Valley shortly after the miners. The Homestead Act of 1862 encouraged settlement by offering grants of 160 acre to American pioneers. Livestock operations in the John Day area supplied isolated mining towns with fresh meat. Initially, most ranches produced beef cattle. However, sheep were the primary ranch stock by the 1890s. This coincided with a wave of Scottish, Irish, and Basque immigrants who were experienced sheep herders.</p><br>
<p>In 1890, Floyd Officer homesteaded land in the Butler Basin along the John Day River. He worked the property for seven years before securing a 160 acre land patent in 1898. That same year, he married Sylvia Fitzgerald and together they began a hard pioneer life on their remote homestead. Because of his knowledge of the Butler Basin and Sheep Rock areas, Officer served as a guide for pioneer paleontologist Thomas Condon during several of his fossil hunting expeditions. The Officers sold the ranch in 1910, moving to Dayville where their children could attend school. The property was purchased by James Cant and his partner John Mason for $4,000. It included 357 acre in Grant County and 320 acre in Wheeler County. Cant bought out Mason&#39;s share in the property in 1915.</p><br>
<h2>James Cant</h2><br>
<p>James Cant was born in Scotland in 1879. He left Scotland at the age of 20 for South America, where he spent five years raising horses and mules. He immigrated to the United States in 1905. After arriving in New York City, Cant traveled overland to the John Day country of Oregon, an area that already had many Scottish immigrants. Alexander Murray, who owned a large ranch west of Dayville, hired Cant as a sheep herder. By 1908, Cant had saved enough money to send for his childhood sweetheart, Elizabeth Grant, who was still in Scotland. They were married in Canyon City on October 10, 1908. Cant continued to work on the Murray ranch for two more years, until he had saved enough to join with Mason in purchasing the Officer ranch.</p><br>
<p>After Cant and his wife moved to the ranch, it became a popular overnight stop for people traveling between Dayville and the Columbia River. Their hospitality was well known, and it was not uncommon for the Cants to serve dinner to twenty or more people including family, ranch hands, and traveling guest. To accommodate their growing family, an expanding livestock business and their many guests, the Cants undertook a major expansion of the ranch between 1915 and 1918, replacing most of the original building constructed by the Officer family. As part of this expansion, Cant built a large main house that became the centerpiece of the ranch complex.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s, Cant acquired more land to expand his successful sheep business. He also improved the landscape around the main house, adding a large lawn, fencing the yard, and planting numerous shrubs and trees. The most important change was made by the State of Oregon, when it began construction of Highway 19 from Arlington on the Columbia River to Dayville. The highway follows the John Day River, passing just west of the Cant Ranch complex. It was completed in the mid-1920s, effectively ending the Cant&#39;s isolation. However, the highway was not paved until the mid-1930s.</p><br>
<p>The Cant family kept their sheep operation going through the Great Depression. It recovered some during World War II; however, the shortage of labor made raising sheep increasingly difficult. As a result, Cant transitioned from sheep to cattle production in 1946. Over the next three decades the Cant&#39;s cattle operation grew and prospered. By 1965, the Cant ranch covered 6,500 acre plus an additional 4,500 acre leased from the Bureau of Land Management. At that time the ranch was sending 500 to 600 cattle to market each year. James Cant died in 1972, and his wife died in 1973. The Cant family sold the ranch to the National Park Service in 1975 to be incorporated into the new John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.</p><br>
<h2>National Park Service</h2><br>
<p>When the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument was established in 1975, the initial development plan recommended purchasing the Cant Ranch complex for use as the monument&#39;s headquarters and visitor center. The National Park Service purchased 878 acre from the Cant family in 1975. This included the main ranch complex and adjacent ranch property along the John Day River. The National Park Service used the main house as a visitor center, museum, and office until the Thomas Condon Visitor Center was built in 2003. The ranch complex is now used as an interpretive site, giving visitors the experience of an early 20th-century livestock operation. The main house and several of the other buildings are open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Cant Ranch offers visitors the opportunity to experience eastern Oregon&#39;s ranching heritage. Because the ranch played an important role in the commercial and social development of the John Day River Valley, the Cant Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. This historic district covers approximately 200 acre along both sides of the John Day River. There are eleven historic buildings on the property.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>During the 1930s, there were at least seventeen buildings in the Cant Ranch complex. Today, there are eleven ranch buildings in the Cant Ranch Historic District. They are the main ranch house, a bunkhouse, a watchman&#39;s cabin, the barn and adjoining sheep pens, a workshop, general purpose shed, chicken coop, feed storage shed, privy, and an Officer era log cabin. There is also a small cabin on the east bank of the river known as Christina’s Cabin; however, it is in very poor condition and is not open to the public. The Cant family built two hand-operated cable cars for crossing the river, but only one is still operational. The ranch property displays original irrigation ditches, fences, gates, and feed racks plus vintage equipment purchased from the Cant family in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The main house is the most prominent building at the ranch. It was built sometime between 1915 and 1918. It is based on architectural designs from The Radford American Homes catalog, published 1903 by the Radford Architectural Company of Chicago. Cant hired two carpenters, Andrew Cress and Clarence Bisbee, to oversee construction of the house. The builders combined design features from several Radford plans to create the Cant&#39;s ranch house.</p><br>
<p>The front of the main house faces Highway 19 with the back porch overlooking the river. The house is a two and one-half-story, wood-frame structure with a hip roof. It has wide porches that run the full length of the east and west sides of the structure. The eastern, river-view porch extends around the house, continuing about half the building&#39;s length along the north and south sides. The first floor is built around a central hallway that runs from front to back (east to west). Located off the main hall are a living room, dining room, kitchen, parlor, bedroom, bathroom, and a storage room. An open stairway in the central hall leads to the second floor. There are six bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor. The third floor is a single open room that the Cant family used as a school room and as a gathering place for large social event.</p><br>
<p>The other ranch buildings are all simple wood-frame structures. The barn was built about 1920. It is a -story timber-frame structure. Its footprint is approximately 60 ft by 120 ft. The barn has vertical board siding and a gable roof with wood-shingles. Inside there are twelve bays divided into a number of stalls, holding pens, and storage areas. Attached to the north end of the barn is a single-story structure with stalls for sheep shearing. This structure is approximately 20 ft by 60 ft. There is a workshop and a small shed west of the barn. The National Park Service uses these building for their original purposes. The larger building is a maintenance shop and the small structure is used for general-purpose storage. East of the barn is a one-room wood-frame watchman&#39;s cabin, used by shepherds during the lambing season.</p><br>
<p>Closer to the main house is a bunkhouse, chicken-coop, feed storage shed, and a privy. All are wood-frame structures with wood-shingle roofs. After the National Park Service purchased the Cant property, the bunkhouse was renovated and used to house exhibits. The chick-coop still houses live chickens and the shed is used to store feed and ranch equipment. The National Park Service also replaced the original roofs on all these buildings in the 1980s to help preserve the structures. There is also small log cabin behind the main house. It is the only remaining structure that dates back to the Officer homestead period. The Officer family used the log cabin for storage, as did the Cant family.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Cant Ranch national historic district is located along the John Day River in northeastern Oregon. The elevation of the ranch is 2,244 ft above sea level. Sheep Rock is a prominent geographic feature located approximately 1 mi southeast of the ranch complex and can easily be seen from the ranch. There is a 0.5 mi hiking trail, known as the Sheep Rock Overlook Trail, that begins at the Cant Ranch and leads to an overlook with a view of the valley.</p><br>
<p>The Cant Ranch is located within the boundaries of the Sheep Rock Unit of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. Highway 19 runs through the ranch property on the west side of the John Day River. The ranch complex is located on the east side of the roadway. The Thomas Condon Visitor Center is located across the highway from the ranch complex.</p><br>
<p>The ranch is 8 mi northeast of Dayville, Oregon. From Dayville, travel west 2 mi on Highway 26 and then turn north on Highway 19. The ranch is 20 mi southeast of Spray, Oregon, on Highway 19. This route passed through the small unincorporated community of Kimberly, Oregon, 14 mi north of the ranch.</p><br>
<p>Greenwich YMCA is a historic building at 50 East Putnam Avenue in Greenwich, Connecticut. Built in 1916 as a gift from Mrs. Nathaniel Witherill, it is a distinctive example of Colonial Revival / Georgian Revival style with Beaux Arts flourishes. The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Greenwich YMCA is located at the northern end of the Greenwich&#39;s business district, it occupies the southeast corner of East Putnam and Mason Streets. The building is centered on the corner, where there is a central rotunda from which four-story rectangular wings extend, with a large gymnasium/swimming pool complex set in the area between the wings. The rotunda rises above the hip roofs of the wings, topped by a shallow dome and octagonal cupola. The rounded central section has a porch area supported by Doric columns, whose ceiling is finished with Guastavino tile. Separate entrances for men and boys are set near the rotunda on each wing, framed by paired Doric columns and topped by pedimented gables.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by M.L. and H.G. Emory, two virtually unknown architects from New York City, and built in 1916. It was a gift to the community of Mrs. Rebecca Witherell, given in memory of her late husband Nathaniel, a major local real estate magnate. Typical of YMCAs of the time, the facility offered athletic facilities, as well as short-term housing that was seen as a more wholesome alternative to seedier boarding houses of the time.</p><br>
<p>The Greenwood Avenue Historic District encompasses the historic commercial village center of Bethel, Connecticut. Extending along Greenwood Avenue from P.T. Barnum Square to Depot Place, the district includes a variety of commercial and residential architecture from the mid-19th to early 20th centuries. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Bethel began as a parish subdivision (established 1759) of Danbury, and was separately incorporated in 1855. Its early community center was located a short way northeast of Greenwood Avenue, at the site of the present Congregational church. In the early 19th century, the Greenwood Avenue area became home to a number of small hat factories, and commercial development along the avenue began in earnest after the railroad arrived in 1852. The eastern end of the downtown was anchored by the creation in 1881 of P.T. Barnum Square, donated to the town by native son P.T. Barnum.</p><br>
<p>The historic district includes 29 contributing buildings, 5 non-contributing buildings, and the town green, P. T. Barnum Square. It includes a former railroad station converted into a brewery, and a World War I Doughboy bronze statue sculpted by Ernest Moore Viquesney in P. T. Barnum Square. The oldest building in the district is the Seth Seelye House, built about 1842; it is a fine example of Greek Revival architecture, and now houses the public library. The Bethel Opera House, built as a Greek Revival building about 1848, was given an Italianate restyling, and served as a community gathering space for many years.</p><br>
<p>The Saugatuck River Railroad Bridge, also known as Saugatuck River Bridge, is a railroad bridge carrying trackage of Metro-North Railroad&#39;s New Haven Line over the Saugatuck River in Westport, Connecticut. It is one of eight moveable bridges on the Amtrak Northeast Corridor route through Connecticut. It was built in 1905 for the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. The bridge is a single leaf Scherzer rolling lift bascule bridge.</p><br>
<p>Amtrak was awarded up to $23.2 million in Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act funds in November 2023 for early design of a replacement for the span. Amtrak will contribute an additional $1.6 million, while the state of Connecticut will provide $4.2 million.</p><br>
<p>The Oak Circle Historic District is a historic district in Wilmette, Illinois, United States. The district covers 2.6 acre and includes twenty-two contributing properties and four non-contributing properties, all located along Oak Circle. It primarily consists of fifteen single-family homes representative of the Prairie School and Craftsman styles of architecture. The Oak Circle Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 21, 2001; it was the first historic district to be designated in Wilmette.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Oak Circle Historic District is centered on Oak Circle, a curved brick street in southern Wilmette; Oak Circle is one of three curved Wilmette streets paved prior to World War I. Oak Circle is approximately 400 ft long and is bordered by Wilmette Avenue to the north and an alley to the south. Twenty-six properties are located along Oak Circle; fifteen of these are homes, and the other eleven are detached garages alongside the homes. The homes along Oak Circle are set back about 35 ft on the west side of the street and 25 ft on the east side. Lot sizes of the properties in the district are around 5000 to 6,000 ft&sup2 many of the lots are irregular due to the curvature of Oak Circle. Many of the lots include trees, which are considered to contribute to the character of the district.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first fourteen homes on Oak Circle were platted in 1907 as part of Joseph Woodruff&#39;s Addition to Wilmette. Oak Circle was paved in 1911, and homes on the west side of the street were likely built between 1917 and 1920; however, the permits indicating the precise dates of their construction were lost in the 1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak. The homes on the east side of Oak Circle were constructed after 1920. A. W. Dickinson added a lot to Oak Circle in 1920 and constructed the houses on the east side; their similarity to the western houses suggests Dickinson built those houses as well.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Twelve of the fifteen homes in the Oak Circle Historic District are bungalows, and they exhibit various elements of the Craftsman and Prairie School movements. Craftsman elements in the houses generally included low, gabled roofs, overhanging eaves, decorative beams, and materials such as wood, stone and brick. The Prairie School was reflected in the homes&#39; bands of windows with geometric glazed patterns; the houses originally included an average of 40 of these windows, many of which had colored glass. Colonial Revival and Italian Renaissance influences can also be seen in the bungalow at 340 Oak Circle, the last of the bungalows to be built. Three of the bungalows are Airplane Bungalows, a style in which the upper story of the home sits above the lower story like a cockpit above the wings of an airplane. The twelve bungalows are a mix of one-story and one-and-a-half-story homes; no two homes on Oak Circle are exactly alike. The remaining three homes are two-story homes which also demonstrate the Craftsman and Prairie School influences seen in the other homes. Several of the eleven garages in the district are also contributing properties; the garages at 328, 332, and 344 Oak Circle have architectural details similar to their respective houses.</p><br>
<p>The Butler County Courthouse is a public courthouse constructed in 1909, in El Dorado, Kansas. It was designed by George P. Washburn & Sons to serve as the main county courthouse for Butler County. The Romanesque Revival courthouse was typical of Washburns courthouse designs; of the eleven surviving courthouses designed by the architect, nine are Romanesque. The red brick courthouse features a central clock tower and four octagonal corner towers, a statue of the Goddess of Justice, and a hipped roof with cross gables, all common features of Washburns work. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Butler County was organized on February 11, 1859. The County Clerk has land records from 1887 and birth and death records from 1887 to 1911.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse is still in operation as such. Self-guided tours are also available during normal working hours.</p><br>
<p>Brighton Town Hall is a historic town hall located at Brighton, Franklin County, New York. It was built in 1914 and is a modest, one story American Craftsman style building measuring 35 feet wide and 58 feet deep. It rests on a fieldstone foundation with exposed cobblestone piers at the front. It features three telescoping, graduated gables with exposed rafters and decorative braces. The interior contains a large, 30 feet by 34 feet meeting hall. It was designed by architect Benjamin A. Muncil.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Waltz Road–Huron River Bridge is an automobile bridge located on Waltz Road spanning the Huron River in Huron Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Waltz Road–Huron River Bridge was constructed in 1924 by the Wayne County Road Commission at a cost of $65,000. The bridge replaced a previous footbridge that had been erected over the Huron River to allow local children to attend school. The substructure was built by Swingle & Robinson, contractors from Wyandotte, Michigan, and the superstructure by the Mt. Vernon Bridge Company from Mt. Vernon, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>On June 1, 2017, the Roads Division at the Wayne County Department of Public Services closed the bridge for repairs. It reopened on June 3, 2019. On August 23, 2017, the Department of Public Services released the news that the 93-year-old bridge would be replaced rather than repaired. Wayne County awarded the bridge reconstruction contract to Toebe Construction, LLC of Wixom.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The entire bridge is 207 ft long, with a span length of 100 ft and a width of 27 ft. The span consists of two identical seven-panel, camelback Pratt pony trusses. Sidewalks are attached to the outside of each truss; the railings were originally concrete balustrades with urn-shaped spindles, but these have been replaced with angles with bar spindles. Solid concrete parapets line the approaches at each end of the bridge.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>The James A. Redden Federal Courthouse, formerly the United States Post Office and Courthouse, is a federal courthouse located in Medford, Oregon, United States. Completed in 1916 under the supervision of architect Oscar Wenderoth, it houses the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. A substantial extension was completed in 1940, under the supervision of architect, Louis A. Simon. In September 1996, the United States Senate enacted a bill introduced by Oregon Senator Mark Hatfield to rename the building for long-serving District Court judge James A. Redden.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The building is the earliest remaining federal courthouse in southern Oregon, and an early embodiment of the federal government in that region. The building, which was designed in the office of Oscar Wenderoth - Supervising Architect, USA Treasury, was constructed from 1915 to 1916. An identical building was constructed in Pendleton, Oregon, at the same time. Mr. Wenderoth was appointed to his position in 1912 and was responsible for planning many government buildings, especially post offices, before his retirement in 1929. The Medford Federal Building - USA Courthouse was designed with many elements of the Georgian Revival style including symmetry, rectangular plan with only minor protrusions, small window panes, arched topped windows (divided as a fan light), classically detailed cornice and balustrade, and red brick exterior. There are also elements of the Second Renaissance Revival style, such as the rusticated first story (performed in brick), a raised first floor with stone base, the lack of front door ornamentation, second level door height casement windows, and wrought iron window ornamentation. These elements give the overall composition a sense of larger scale that is more befitting a federal building. The Oregon State Historic Preservation Office classifies the building as American Renaissance Revival.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse played an important role in the development and growth of Medford. In the early 1880s the Oregon and California Railroad, which was setting tracks south from Portland, began making surveys in southern Oregon. By the fall of 1883 trains were running into Grants Pass. Jacksonville, the county seat and the most important town in this portion of the state, was naturally supposed to be the next station on the railroad. The railroad asked Jacksonville for a $25,000 bonus (reportedly to compensate for the difficulties in passing over the Applegate Ridge of mountains), but the city refused. The Oregon and California railroad subsequently rerouted the railroad through the center of the Rogue River Valley where it proceeded to start a new town. Medford was named after the hometown of the railroad engineer, David Loring of Medford, Massachusetts. Land for the town site and railroad purposes was donated to the Railroad by local landowners, C.C. Beekman, C. Mingus, C.W. Brobeck and Ira J. Phipps, and on December 20, 1883, the town was founded. Due to the rail stop in the center of the rich agricultural/orchard producing Rogue River Valley, the town grew rapidly and by 1890 Medford housed 1,791 residents. (The 1990 population of Medford was 49,900, while Jacksonville was 2,005). By 1910, the monthly postal receipts had increased from the initial $2–$3 to over $2,000. On October 2, 1910, the Medford Daily Tribune reported that "No better criterion of city&#39;s growth can be named than its postal receipts." That same year congress had appropriated $110,000 for a new USA Post Office and Courthouse. The building was to replace the previous temporary postal facilities (three prior locations) and to provide a USA District Court presence in a high-quality, non-combustible structure. City residents were so enthused by the prospect of the new structure that many offered potential sites. The chosen lot at the corner of Sixth and Holly, only three blocks from the railroad depot, was chosen. The land, which was donated by Bert and May Anderson and W.C. and Flossie Green, was formally dedicated on March 13, 1911 with a payment of $1.</p><br>
<p>In 1939, the Federal Works Agency, with Louis A. Simon as Supervising Architect and W.G. Noll as Chief Architect, designed a major addition on the north side of the building, and significant interior remodelling for a cost of $230,000. The project provided additional public and workroom facilities for the Post Office at the first floor, consolidated court operations on the second floor, and provided general office space at the third floor. The design included a two-story light-well which retained natural light for the courtroom and (by skylight) the interior of the postal workroom.</p><br>
<p>In 1966, the post office moved to new facilities two blocks south. Since that time, the building has been utilized for court operations and general office space. Medford has recently adopted a comprehensive plan that encourages downtown development. There has been substantial effort to enhance existing buildings and locate new city, county and federal facilities in the core area, which is bordered at the north by the Medford Federal Building - USA Courthouse. In addition to being a governmental center for southern Oregon, Medford is also a center for commerce. The population and tourism of the Rogue River Valley, including historic towns of Jacksonville and Ashland, are growing rapidly. The Medford Federal Building - USA Courthouse stands as a functioning symbol of prewar pride and optimism.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is an example of Renaissance Revival architecture. Its exterior is primarily brick and granite.</p><br>
<h3>Site</h3><br>
<p>The nearly level, undeveloped site was selected from among several offered as donations from the local citizens, in part due to its location a short distance from the railroad station to the east. The site is now located at the north end of Medford&#39;s government and business district. The Medford Federal Building - USA Courthouse is located on a lot measuring 140.2 feet by 125.25 feet at the northwest corner of West Sixth Street and North Holly Street. A setback of approximately twenty feet from the two streets (south and east sides) allowed for wide sidewalks with maple street trees, and grass next to the building. The north portion of the site was originally used for mail loading and had a hitching rail for the general public, while the west portion had an access drive. Both were constructed with macadam paving and had concrete curbs. The remaining portions of the site were landscaped with planting beds and seeded grass areas separated by concrete curbing. From the surrounding concrete sidewalks the building was elevated four to five feet to the first floor level. The primary entrance on the center of the south facade was approached via a light-colored raised granite platform which led to the ceremonial granite entry steps, all designed in the classical manner.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The facades of the building were designed with elements of both the Georgian Revival, and Second Renaissance Revival styles which were popular at the beginning of the twentieth century. The front (south side) has the most interesting mix of elements. The symmetrical elevation is organized around five central bays which are defined by single Doric style pilasters at the interior bays and paired pilasters at the ends. The central portion is then flanked on each end by narrow bays that are only slightly recessed. The two-story pilasters rise from a buff-colored sandstone belt course at the second floor line. The pilasters support a sandstone string course, cornice, and parapet. Originally the parapet had a balustrade in portions aligning with the five bays. The first story, which is detailed in red brick and follows the organization above, is elevated and defined by a sandstone water table course. (Note: This is an interesting design that combines a Renaissance style rustication, which was normally performed in stone, with the red brick of the Georgian Revival style). There are arched openings in the rusticated brick at the five central bays. A voussoir (in the rusticated brick) is detailed at each of these first story openings by individually cut radiating bricks. There originally were paired entry doors with an arched light above at the center three openings. Each of the outer two openings were at one time filled with a three-piece arched top wood casement windows. Each of these were later converted back to doors matching the center pair. At the five central arch openings on the second story, there are Renaissance style wood and glass paired doors with operable transoms. The doors are enclosed with black, wrought iron balcony railings. The arch of the opening is treated as a tympanum and has a bas-relief garlanded sandstone ornament. The third story openings are simplified, rectangular, and have paired casement windows. All of the doors and windows featured multiple light configurations. Four large, ornamental iron, wall mounted fixtures light the entry.</p><br>
<p>Essentially rectangular, the well proportioned original building measured 90.0 feet wide by 57.5 feet deep in plan. The original treatment on the two identical end elevations is restrained compared to the front. The horizontal string courses, brick rustication, cornice and parapet detailing continues, but the pilasters and arched openings are omitted in favor of four evenly spaced rectangular openings in a flat wall, (the end walls of the 1939 addition are recessed from the original.) The original rear (now light-well) elevation reflected the organization of the front and also its interior functions. The central portion of the facade was defined by symmetrically flanking narrow bays that were slightly recessed. The first story had five large glazed rectangular openings in the rusticated brick which provided north light to the postal workroom. A protruding mail vestibule/loading dock occupied the center bay. At the second story, there were three large arched glazed openings with fan lights providing light to the courtroom. These were flanked by tall rectangular openings with circular attic windows directly above. Due to the courtroom height, the third story windows were only located at the flanking bays. Stone, brick, and balcony detailing continued to the rear elevation. Similar to the end elevations, the pilasters were omitted from the north facade.</p><br>
<p>The original construction used common brick exterior walls faced with buff-colored sandstone above, and light-colored granite at and below grade, and red rough faced finish brick. The walls rested on a reinforced concrete foundation. The interior structure was steel frame that was fire-proofed with concrete. Floors were reinforced concrete slabs. Hollow clay tile was used for furring and interior partitions and was typically plastered.</p><br>
<p>The 1940 addition extended the building 38.0 feet to the north. This required that the parking and loading functions be relocated to the west portion of the site. The design duplicated the original materials and most of the detailing. The new side elevations are recessed eighteen inches so that the massing of the original building is distinct. The window openings are dimensioned similar to the originals and are likewise equally spaced. The sash, however, are double hung types at all three levels. Transoms were retained at the first and second levels. The new parapet was designed to be solid stone, unlike the original which had balustraded portions. A new loading platform was constructed on the north end of the west elevation. The two pairs of loading doors were recessed and were protected from rain by a marquee. The dock also had an employee entrance. The north elevation was redesigned along the lines of the side elevations with five equally spaced window openings that utilized metal sash. The use of two outer flanking openings was retained from the original composition. At the center of the first level, three large rectangular windows provided the postal workroom with day lighting. The interior boiler chimney was relocated to the north elevation. A new fire escape, basement stairway, and area-way for the new swing room were also constructed on the north elevation. The original east, west, and south elevations were left intact with exception of the entry approach. The original ceremonial steps were replaced by dual side stairs leading to a common entry landing. The new granite stair was enclosed with wrought iron railings. The roof mounted flagpole was also relocated to the ground at this time. The addition retained much of the original north elevation by creating a new light-well on the center third, and by incorporating the remaining wall within the new construction. (Portions of the original cornice are visible from the attic.) A new concrete block (with cement plaster exterior finish) rooftop penthouse over the main stair replaced the 1916 structure at this time, and the low sloped, built-up roof construction was continued onto the addition.</p><br>
<p>There have not been extensive changes to the exterior of the building since the 1940 addition. Notable alterations include the replacement of the two outer entry doors with double hung windows (and later reversal); revisions to the wall at the loading dock and a new ramp; removal of the fire escape; site paving and planting changes; and the removal of the original parapet balustrade, which was replaced with solid stone panels similar to the 1940 addition. The open stone balustrade was later restored. A west side window of the lobby has been replaced with a fully lited door that is reached by an accessible lift concealed in what was formerly a light-well to a basement window.</p><br>
<p>An essential element to the building&#39;s facade and integrity is its (almost complete) set of original functioning wood windows (which were recently abated). Note that windows on the north side of the building have steel frames for the wood sash units.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>When the USA Post Office and Courthouse first opened, it provided space primarily for just those two operations. The post office occupied the first floor with the public lobby oriented east to west all along the south wall, and with the workroom to the north of the lobby. The money registry was located at the east end of the lobby, the stair wrapping around the elevator cage was at the west end. There was a short lobby extension from the stair northward to provide additional postal windows and give access to the postmasters office at the northwest corner of the floor. A vault was placed at each end of the floor, one for the money registry and one for the postmaster. There was also a single occupancy toilet at each end of the floor. The mailing vestibule occupied the center position of the postal workrooms north wall. Although it was a construction alternate, the lobby was finished with light colored terrazzo with marble divisions and borders at the floor and wall base. The walls had stained wood wainscoting, postal windows, grills, and door casings with painted plaster above. The interior entry vestibule (center door pair only) was constructed of stained wood and glass and had two wood and glass doors. The ceiling of the lobby had ornamental plaster crown mouldings. The main stairway was constructed with grey marble treads and iron railings, stringers and risers. The original traction elevator had a steel grill enclosure and metal hoist way entrance doors with wire glass relights. The postal lobby finishes were duplicated on the second and third floor lobbies (also a construction alternate) except for the ornamental ceiling plaster. Upper lobbies were centered axially on the stair and elevator which allowed a row of offices along the south wall. The courtroom space occupied the north side of the lobby and extended through the third floor. This courtroom was finished modestly with wall coverings, smooth painted plaster, and stained wood mouldings and furnishings. A construction alternate for the courtroom was designed and shown on the bid drawings, but not built. That design was built at the federal courthouse in Pendleton, Oregon, a very similar building that was constructed concurrently. Office areas on the upper two levels typically were finished with wood floors, moulded wood base, chair rail and casings, three panel wood doors, and smooth painted plaster walls and ceilings. The stained wood corridor doors were typically half-light (art glass) over two panels and had transoms.</p><br>
<p>The 1940 extension and remodeling substantially reconfigured the interior, but for the most part used matching details and materials. The axially designed lobbies were changed to a C shape to provide access to the additional area. On the first floor, the larger lobby surrounded the old postal workroom on three sides. A new postal window wall replaced the original window and screen wall. New workroom space filled the addition. On the second and third floors, new corridors extended northward to the new office and judicial areas. The east corridor led to a new fire escape. A small light-well was created at the upper levels to preserve natural lighting for the courtroom through its three large windows and to the postal workroom below was lit through skylights. The smaller windows at the courtroom were converted to passageways for judges and witnesses. The original vaults and toilet rooms were removed and new ones constructed. The stairway was extended to the roof and included a new penthouse. Woodwork, doors, and stone matched the 1916 construction. The new terrazzo, which replaced the original at the lobby and was used for the corridor extensions on the upper floors, was a substantially different mix design. A darker and redder matrix of Tennessee Medium Pink, and Chesapeake Green marble was used. Existing wood floors were covered with linoleum. The new restrooms were finished with ceramic mosaic tile floors, glazed tile wainscot, new plumbing fixtures, and painted metal partitions.</p><br>
<p>Since the 1940 remodel there have been various alterations. An extensive remodeling was in undertaken in 1965 shortly after the post office left the building. At that time the first floor lobby was removed, the stair enclosed, and the postal workroom converted to office space. Upper level offices were also remodeled. Other recent changes include the addition of suspended ceilings, fluorescent lighting, HVAC, an interior exit stair at the northeast corner, elevator modifications. Another significant remodel occurred in 1994 including converting the first floor lobby back to near original location, mechanical and electrical, provision of holding cells and an elevator to the courtroom, and remodeling of judges chambers.</p><br>
<p>The Josiah Wilcox House is a historic house at 354 Riversville Road in Greenwich, Connecticut. Built in 1838, it is one of the town&#39;s finest examples of Greek Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Josiah Wilcox House is located in a residential area of central western Greenwich, on the west side of Riversville Road north of its crossing of the Merritt Parkway. It is a -story wood-frame structure with a front-gable roof, and clapboarded exterior. The building&#39;s most prominent feature is its impressive Greek Revival temple front, consisting of four fluted Ionic columns supporting a triangular gable pediment. A round-arch window is located at the center of the gable. The main facade is three bays wide and finished with flushboarding, and has the entrance in the right bay, framed by sidelight and transom windows. The building corners are adorned with plain pilasters. The interior retains many original features, including the main staircase, and fireplace surrounds.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1838 for Josiah Wilcox. It has been little-altered since the late 19th century, and is one of Greenwich&#39;s finest Greek Revival buildings. Wilcox was a prominent local businessman, operating a factory on the nearby Byram River that manufactured tinning tools and carriage parts. The house remained in the Wilcox family until 1943.</p><br>
<p>Rosemary Hall was an independent girls school at Ridgeway and Zaccheus Mead Lane in Greenwich, Connecticut. It was later merged into Choate Rosemary Hall and moved to the Choate boys&#39; school campus in Wallingford, Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The Greenwich campus of Rosemary Hall was opened in 1900. The oldest surviving building was built in 1909. The Greenwich campus was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998 for its architectural significance. The listing includes 16 contributing buildings and one other contributing structure. The historic site&#39;s listing area is 18 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Brunswick School now owns the property. It plans to convert the site into a preschool and housing for employees.</p><br>
<h2>School and Foundation officers</h2><br>
<p>Headmistresses: Caroline Ruutz-Rees 1890–1938; Eugenia Baker Jessup &#39;10, 1938–53, 1957–58; Helen MacKissick Williamson 1953–57; Alice McBee 1958–71; Elizabeth Winslow Loomis 1971–73.</p><br>
<p>Presidents of Rosemary Hall Foundation: Caroline Ruutz-Rees 1890–1938 (headmistress and owner); Catherine B. Blanke 25, 1950–55; Franklin E. Parker, Jr. 1950–54 (chair); Elizabeth B. MacDonald 21, 1956–60; H. Chandler Turner, Jr. 1960–62; Julian M. Avery 1962–65; Gerrish H. Milliken 1965–74.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early years</h3><br>
<p>Rosemary Hall was founded in 1890 by Mary Atwater Choate at Rosemary Farm in Wallingford, her girlhood home and the summer residence of Mary and her husband, William Gardner Choate. Mary, an alumna of Miss Porter&#39;s School, was the great-granddaughter of Caleb Atwater (1741–1832), a Connecticut merchant magnate who supplied the American forces during the Revolutionary War. In 1775 General George Washington visited the Atwater store in Wallingford en route to assuming command of the Continental Army. On that occasion, Washington took tea with judge Oliver Stanley at the "Red House," now Squire Stanley House on the Choate Rosemary Hall campus.</p><br>
<p>In 1878 Mary Atwater Choate had co-founded a vocational organization for Civil War widows, the New York Exchange for Women&#39;s Work, prototype of many such exchanges across the country (it survived until 2003). In 1889 Mary planned a new institution on the same principle of female self-sufficiency and she advertised in The New York Times for a headmistress to run a school that would train girls in the "domestic arts." The advertisement was answered by Caroline Ruutz-Rees, a 25-year-old Briton teaching in New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>On October 3, 1890, the New Haven Morning News reported: "The opening of Rosemary Hall took place at Wallingford yesterday... at the beautiful Rosemary Farms, which have been the property of Mrs. Choates family for five generations. The school occupied a house belonging to Mrs. Choate, standing near the old Atwater homestead, which the members of the school will have the privilege of visiting as often as they like.... Rev. Edward Everett Hale addressed the school girls in his inimitable way, at once attractive and helpful. Never forget, said he, that it is a great art to do what you do well. If you limp, limp well, and if you dance, dance well&#39;."</p><br>
<p>This original school building, "old" Atwater House (built 1758), was at the northwest corner of Christian and Elm streets, where "new" Atwater House now stands. The eight arriving girls lived on the second floor, the headmistress&#39;s residence and classrooms occupied the ground floor, and the dining room was in the basement. More space was soon required and neighboring houses were rented from the Choates. The "old Atwater homestead" (built 1774, now known as Homestead), stands at the center of the present day Choate Rosemary Hall campus, on the northeast corner of Christian and Elm.</p><br>
<p>Caroline Ruutz-Rees (1865–1954), headmistress until 1938, was a figure of extraordinary personality and influence, a militant feminist and suffragist of national prominence. On the Wallingford golf course she wore bloomers, which shocked the locals, and on buggy rides to Wallingford station she carried a pistol. Her motto was "No rot." She held a Lady Literate in Arts from the University of St Andrews and would eventually earn a doctorate at Columbia. Ruutz-Rees (pronounced "Roots-Reese") quickly changed Rosemary Hall&#39;s mission from "domestic arts" to that of a contemporary boys school. Her personal curriculum for the next four decades had three core components: student self-government, contact sports, and a brutal workload of academics.</p><br>
<p>Ruutz-Rees taught the classical languages, history, and French. In 1897 she was the first headmistress of an American girls&#39; school to prescribe uniform dress, and over time the Rosemarian uniform became increasingly elaborate, with cape, star-shaped berets, and much seasonal and occasional variety. Equally elaborate was Rosemarian ritual and tradition, most of it invented by Ruutz-Rees. Her faculty followed the British practice of wearing academic robes in class and addressing students by their last names. Ruutz-Rees herself always wore azure silk dresses and a necklace of amber beads.</p><br>
<p>In 1896 the Choate School was founded in Wallingford by Mary Choate and her husband William. He was USA District Judge for the Southern Circuit of New York from 1878 to 1881, and afterward a partner of Shipman, Barlow, Laroque, and Choate in New York City. There was no formal relationship between the Choates&#39; new boys school and their other foundation, Rosemary Hall, a hundred yards to the east on Christian Street in Wallingford, but there were coeducational audiences for plays and recitals and Mary Choate hosted dances at the Homestead, an Atwater family residence since 1774.</p><br>
<p>The official history of Choate Rosemary Hall, written by Tom Generous, says that the rift between Caroline Ruutz-Rees and Mary Choate, proponents of two very different sorts of feminism, was public knowledge as early as 1896, in which year headmistress and founder did not share the lectern at Prize Day and local newspapers published "denials" of a rumor that Ruutz-Rees would leave the school. But by 1900 the headmistress and her educational style had acquired influential champions among the students&#39; parents and two of them, residents of Greenwich, Connecticut, a wealthy enclave twenty-five miles from midtown Manhattan, joined forces to effect the removal of the school to their town.</p><br>
<p>Shipping magnate Nathaniel Witherell donated 5 acre of land in the Rock Ridge section of Greenwich. Julian Curtiss gathered a group of investors and established a joint stock corporation funded through the sale of six-percent bonds. Ruutz-Rees was the chief shareholder. The Greenwich residence of Rosemary Hall began in fall term 1900, when 57 girl students moved into the Main Building, known as "The School," a U-shaped shingled house on Zaccheus Mead Lane. Other facilities on the property were a wood-frame building that would be the gym for many years, a tennis court, and a running track. In the next two decades the campus would build or acquire other "cottages" and lay out an Italian garden, the gift in 1912 of Janet Ruutz-Rees, mother of the headmistress.</p><br>
<p>The heart of the campus was St. Bedes Chapel, built with $15,000 collected at bake sales, teas, and benefits, and from every constituency of the school. Construction began in 1906 and consecration was performed October 18, 1909, by the Episcopal bishop of Connecticut, Chauncey Bunce Brewster. St. Bedes was Middle English Gothic, with granite walls, unnailed slate roof, hand-hewn timbers, Welsh red tile floor, and a 16 ft altar window of handmade English glass, designed by Christopher Whall. According to the November 25, 1909 issue of Leslies Weekly," it was "begun three years ago by the girls themselves who collected stones and carried them one by one to the spot which the building was to occupy." From 1915 to 1965 the handwritten name of every graduate was painted in gold on the ceiling. On October 17, 2009, the centennial of St. Bedes was celebrated in Greenwich by Rosemarians past and present, with the Whimawehs singing traditional RH songs.</p><br>
<h3>Building post-merger history</h3><br>
<p>The building property later became the Daycroft School. The campus previously was about 24.5 acre large, but in 1984 the school sold 7.5 acre of land for $1,100,000, and so the size of the campus was down to 17 acre; the sale reduced the ratio of land to building space, and so the school administration unknowingly caused the facility to go against the zoning regulations of the Town of Greenwich. Daycroft asked for a variance to exempt the institution from needing to raze buildings and/or purchase additional land. The variance was not given to the institution, but the Greenwich town government never enforced the requirements of the zoning up to the time Daycroft was disestablished.</p><br>
<p>In 1989 Daycroft sold it to the Japanese Educational Institute of New York (JEI; ニューヨーク日本人教育審議会 Nyūyōku Nihonjin Kyōiku Shingi Kai), and in 1992 the campus began housing the Japanese School of New York (Greenwich Japanese School). Because Daycroft had unknowingly violated town code by selling land and having too high of a building/land ratio, the Japanese school faced a possibility of demolishing historic buildings, but ultimately did not do so after an agreement with the town government was made.</p><br>
<p>In 2006 the JEI sold the building to the Westchester Fairfield Hebrew Academy (later Carmel Academy), and so both schools shared the site. In 2020 Carmel closed its school operations. Brunswick School planned to convert the site into a preschool and housing for employees. The Japanese School had moved into another facility in Greenwich. Brunswick acquired the former Carmel Academy site in September 2023.</p><br>
<h3>Timeline</h3><br>
<p>1889: Mary Atwater Choate advertises in New York for a headmistress.</p><br>
<p>1890: Foundation of the school by M.A. Choate; Caroline Ruutz-Rees begins 48 years as headmistress; 8 girls enroll. October 2, opening ceremonies held.</p><br>
<p>1891: First election of Optima, or best girl; the honor was bestowed until 1977.</p><br>
<p>1892: First publication of The Question Mark, a literary magazine, one of the earliest of its type in an American girls school.</p><br>
<p>1893: Spring term, first Shakespeare play performed. Rosemary Hall hosts Mrs. Hazen&#39;s School of Pelham Manor, N.Y., in what is regarded as the first interscholastic sports event between girls schools in American history.</p><br>
<p>1894: First interscholastic basketball game played against New Haven Normal School.</p><br>
<p>1895: In May, first Sixth Form Walk, about 45 mi in three days, the route being Wallingford, Durham, Middletown, Southington, Wallingford.</p><br>
<p>1896: 20 girls. Frederick Hulseberg is hired to coach the cricket team, thereby becoming the first girls cricket coach in America.</p><br>
<p>1897: First election of The Committee, the student self-governance body; it lasted until 1971.</p><br>
<p>1898: Sixth formers required to pass the Bryn Mawr College entrance exam in order to graduate; the requirement lasted 39 years.</p><br>
<p>1900: School relocates to Greenwich. 57 girls.</p><br>
<p>1907: Cambridge-educated Mary Elizabeth Lowndes begins 31 years as teacher and, from 1910, co-headmistress.</p><br>
<p>1908: First publication of The Answer Book, the yearbook; its title was suggested by The Question Mark; it merged with The Brief in 1973.</p><br>
<p>1909: October 18, consecration of St. Bede&#39;s Chapel.</p><br>
<p>1910: Fall term, Lady Baden-Powell, wife of the Boy Scouts founder, awards Caresse Crosby &#39;11 the eagle and the amulet, thereby making her the (unofficial) first American Girl Scout.</p><br>
<p>1911: Caresse Crosby graduates. Kindly Club founded by Janet Ruutz-Rees, mother of the headmistress, "to spread the spirit of kindliness throughout the school," and perform intramural and extramural charity.</p><br>
<p>1918: Spring term, first Garden Party; the event has lasted to the present.</p><br>
<p>1919: Carrington House is bought.</p><br>
<p>1923: November 11, the Main Building burns to the ground and all school records are destroyed.</p><br>
<p>1924: The Main Building is rebuilt. The school sells 30-year, six-percent bonds. 200 girls enroll, including 56 boarders.</p><br>
<p>1927: 208 girls.</p><br>
<p>1928: Nation&#39;s best field hockey varsity begins three-year unbeaten streak.</p><br>
<p>1931: 130 girls.</p><br>
<p>1935: 91 girls.</p><br>
<p>1937: March, Life magazine has four-page photo essay on The Mid, the annual February dance: "fifth and sixth form girls invited 76 boys from such places as Yale, Princeton, Harvard and Exeter."</p><br>
<p>1938: Ruutz-Rees and Lowndes retire as co-headmistresses, but remain active in the school administration. Eugenia Baker Jessup &#39;10, a Bryn Mawr alumna, begins 15 years as headmistress.</p><br>
<p>1947: November, first issue of The Rosemary Alumnae Newsletter is published.</p><br>
<p>1948: Group that includes Board members and the headmistress acquires an option to buy the school.</p><br>
<p>1950: 81 girls. April 18, the school is incorporated as Rosemary Hall Foundation, with Catherine B. Blanke &#39;25 as president and Franklin E. Parker, Jr. as chair. Spring term, the headmistress institutes "Operation X" in which 10 selected sixth formers are exempted from most school rules; the experiment is reported by Newsweek in an article on the school in May.</p><br>
<p>1951: 110 girls.</p><br>
<p>1953: Fall term, Helen MacKissick Williamson begins four years as headmistress.</p><br>
<p>1954: 161 girls. Headmistress emeritus Ruutz-Rees dies.</p><br>
<p>1955: December, headmistress Williamson resigns after pressure from conservative block led by gamesmistress Hester Macquire, but 13 of the 14-member faculty support Williamson and the Board retains her.</p><br>
<p>1957: June, headmistress Williamson dies aged 53. Summer, Alice McBee of Concord Academy is chosen as headmistress, but her arrival is delayed a year until her Concord contract ends. Eugenia Baker Jessup returns as headmistress during the interim year.</p><br>
<p>1958: Alice McBee, a bachelor alumna of both Sweetbriar and Columbia, begins 13 years as headmistress. Whimawehs a cappella group begins.</p><br>
<p>1959: 208 girls.</p><br>
<p>1962: Ruutz-Rees Auditorium opens, with seating for 300.</p><br>
<p>1963: 250 girls. Jessup House dormitory is built.</p><br>
<p>1965: Glenn Close graduates.</p><br>
<p>1966: Spring term, dean of students Elizabeth Loomis and several faculty members resign in protest against headmistress McBee&#39;s longtime refusal to admit African-American students; McBee relents and in fall term the first black student enrolls.</p><br>
<p>1967: Fall term, headmistress McBee urges the trustees to consider "official affiliation" with a boys school, in light of declining enrollment and financial difficulty. Dedication of Arts and Sciences Building.</p><br>
<p>1968: January 8 in Wallingford, Choate School headmaster Seymour St. John hosts a private meeting with Rosemary Hall Board chair Charles Stetson, and the feasibility of relocating RH is discussed. January 26, Choate trustees vote to allow continuing discussions with RH. June, the CS and RH boards make a formal agreement, with the understanding that RH would relocate. September 24, St. John and McBee hold a press conference in St. John Hall and issue a press release dated September 26 which states that "a brand new school would be built for Rosemary Hall on Choate Land, and the combined institutions would provide coordinate secondary education starting in September 1971." Amidst concern that RH would lose its identity, actress Ali MacGraw 56 offers a major gift toward moving St. Bedes Chapel to Wallingford, but there is insufficient response.</p><br>
<p>1969: January, architect James Polshek is selected to design the Wallingford RH campus; his budget will eventually be $6.4 million. On Prize Day, Choate headmaster St. John is the graduation speaker in Greenwich.</p><br>
<p>1970: Spring term, 20 RH sixth formers have an advance guard residence on the CS campus; they live in Nichols House; Meg Colgate &#39;70 is made interim editor of The Choate News.</p><br>
<p>1970: 258 girls.</p><br>
<p>1971: Elizabeth Winslow Loomis begins two years as headmistress; she had been head of upper school at The Lenox School (now Birch Wathen Lenox School) in Manhattan and a former RH teacher and dean. June 3, the last Prize Day in Greenwich, Seymour St. John is the graduation speaker. The Greenwich campus is bought by Daycroft School, which moves from its own Greenwich campus on Rock Ridge Road. August, the last two Wallingford campus buildings, Bronfman Library and Macquire Gymnasium, are completed. In September the school and 223 girls relocate to Wallingford.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Neile Adams (1932–), actress, singer, and dancer</p><br>
<p>Florieda Batson (1900–1996), hurdler, 1922 Olympian</p><br>
<p>Glenn Close (1947–), eight-time Oscar-nominated actress</p><br>
<p>Caresse Crosby (1892–1970), socialite, poet, founder of Black Sun Press, and inventor of the bra</p><br>
<p>Claire Giannini Hoffman (1904–1997), first woman to serve on the boards of Bank of America and Sears, Roebuck & Company</p><br>
<p>Mary Crane Hone (1904–1990), actress, antiwar activist, and historical preservationist</p><br>
<p>Sarah Kernochan (1947–), novelist, screenwriter, songwriter, and two-time Oscar-winning director</p><br>
<p>Ali MacGraw (1939–), actress and haute couture model</p><br>
<p>Terry O&#39;Neill (1953–), feminist, lawyer, professor, and president of the National Organization for Women (NOW)</p><br>
<p>Dorothy Schurman Hawes (1905–1977), American writer on China</p><br>
<p>Anne Ramsey (1929–1988), Academy Award nominated and Golden Globe nominated actress</p><br>
<p>The Five Mile River Landing Historic District encompasses a predominantly 19th-century residential area in the Rowayton section of Norwalk, Connecticut. It extends along Rowayton Street from Witch Lane to Pennoyer Street, and includes all of the properties on the latter as well. The area was a major local center of the shipping industry in the 19th century. The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Five Mile River Landing area is located in the heart of Norwalks Rowayton area, in the far southwest of the city, on the eastern bank of the Five Mile River, which separates Norwalk from Darien. The historic district is roughly linear, extending from Witch Lane in the north to a triangular traffic island at Wilson Avenue in the south, and then easterly on Pennoyer Street. This area is reflective of the areas early settlement pattern, and contains a diversity of residential architectural styles of the 19th century. It also includes Pinkney Park, where the site of a period shipyard can be found, a boathouse now on the park grounds, the Rowayton Methodist Church, and a building original constructed as a hotel.</p><br>
<p>The Rowayton area was settled by English colonists early in the 18th century, and was largely agricultural for most of that century. In the 19th century, the harvesting of oysters developed as an industry, and the shipyard established at what is now Pinkney Park was founded in the early 19th century. Oystering reached its peak in the second half of the 19th century, when the village began to develop as a summer resort area. Vacationing New Yorkers were boarded in local houses, and the Rowayton Hotel was opened c. 1848 to serve a larger influx of tourists. The streetcar was introduced to Rowayton in 1890, beginning the transformation of the area into a more suburban area for workers employed in South Norwalk. The residential architecture of the district is reflective of these phases of the area&#39;s development.</p><br>
<p>The Haviland and Elizabeth Streets–Hanford Place Historic District is an irregularly shaped 4.3 acre historic district in Norwalk, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It encompasses a neighborhood that developed in the late 19th century following the introduction of railroad service to South Norwalk.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The district lies within a primarily commercial area of the South Norwalk neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>It includes 36 contributing buildings and 2 non-contributing ones. The district is significant as a cohesive grouping of late 19th and early 20th century residential architecture. Eight houses are Queen Anne style, which involves irregular massing and use of turned or sawn woodwork in porches and elsewhere. Others display Colonial Revival elements, including Tuscan columns on some. Some are Italianate or display aspects of that style. Second Empire style is also represented.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the arrival of the railroad station and depot in South Norwalk in 1870, the area was economically focused on the waterfront, with oyster fishing its primary industry. The railroad spurred the introduction of factories and industrial production, resulting in the related growth of residential housing and a thriving commercial district. This historic district encompasses a cross section of residential architecture from this period of growth.</p><br>
<h2>Listed buildings</h2><br>
<p>The buildings included in the district are:</p><br>
<p>3 Elizabeth Street, Colonial Revival vernacular, c. 1900 (see accompanying photo #6)</p><br>
<p>5 Elizabeth Street, Queen Anne, c. 1900 (see accompanying photo #6)</p><br>
<p>7 Elizabeth Street, Queen Anne, c. 1900 (see accompanying photo #6)</p><br>
<p>8 Elizabeth Street, Italianate, c. 1875, with Colonial Revival entrance porch</p><br>
<p>9 Elizabeth Street, c. 1870 (see accompanying photo #6)</p><br>
<p>rear of 9 Elizabeth Street, c. 1920 (see accompanying photo #7)</p><br>
<p>9 Elizabeth Street, 3 bay fieldstone garage (see accompanying photo #15)</p><br>
<p>10 Elizabeth Street, Italianate vernacular, c. 1875 with Queen Anne style porch</p><br>
<p>11 Elizabeth Street, Italianate, c. 1880</p><br>
<p>12 Elizabeth Street</p><br>
<p>13 Elizabeth Street</p><br>
<p>14 Elizabeth Street</p><br>
<p>15 Elizabeth Street</p><br>
<p>17 Elizabeth Street, Italianate, c.1885</p><br>
<p>2 Hanford Place, Queen Anne, c. 1880 (see photos #13 and #19)</p><br>
<p>3 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>4 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>5 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>6 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>7 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>8 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>9 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>10 Hanford Place, Queen Anne, c.1890</p><br>
<p>11 Hanford Place, Queen Anne, c.1880, includes a barn or carriagehouse (see photo #15)</p><br>
<p>12 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>8 Haviland Street</p><br>
<p>10 Haviland Street, non-contributing</p><br>
<p>12 Haviland Street</p><br>
<p>16 Haviland Street</p><br>
<p>18 Haviland Street (see photo #4)</p><br>
<p>20 Haviland Street (see photo #4)</p><br>
<p>22 Haviland Street (see photo #5)</p><br>
<p>24 Haviland Street</p><br>
<p>26 Haviland Street</p><br>
<p>72 South Main Street (see accompanying photos #3 and #20)</p><br>
<p>74 South Main Street</p><br>
<p>Stolp Island is a small island in the Fox River in Aurora, Illinois. In 1986 the island and its 41 buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Stolp Island Historic District. It covers 0.03 square miles of land area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island is named after Joseph Stolp who purchased the island for $12.72 in 1848. He constructed a mill on the island with Zaphna Lake and the McCarty brothers. The dam for the mill was completed in 1835. By 1848, the town had grown to over 1,000 people. As Aurora grew, the Fox River caused a separation between the two halves of the city, leading to animosity between them. Stolp Island, then, became an ideal location for Aurora&#39;s government structures, as it was not confined to either side.</p><br>
<p>East Aurora was incorporated as a city in 1845, and West Aurora followed in 1854. The Aurora area received its first major economical boost when the Chicago, Burlington, & Quincy Roundhouse and Locomotive Shop was constructed in 1856. Prior to this point, commercial development was strictly fit to meet local needs, but the new train station and shops provided new customers. In 1857, following efforts by William Parker, the two cities joined as one city. The city charter was approved on the condition that a new city hall would be built on Stolp Island. It was constructed in 1865 and featured a post office on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>Public organizations also saw Stolp as an ideal island to serve both sides of Aurora. The Grand Army of the Republic Hall was opened in 1877 to serve Grand Army of the Republic Post No. 20. The island also housed a Carnegie library and the first YMCA building. In the 1920s, the north end of the island, previously prone to flooding, was expanded and reinforced with landfill. While Aurora became a major steel exporter in the early 20th century, Stolp Island was used exclusively for commercial and public uses.</p><br>
<p>In 1907, the Columbia Conservatory of Music was built as a school for music, art, dancing, and foreign languages. It was presided over by Harry Rutt Detweiler and closed when he decided to retire.</p><br>
<p>Hotel Aurora was constructed in 1917 and surpassed Hotel Arthur as the tallest building in Aurora. The Renaissance Revival structure was built in hopes that the newly expanded north end would help Stolp Island become a major attraction. Two office buildings were designed in the Prairie Style by George Grant Elmslie: the Keystone Building (1923) and the Graham Building (1926). The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks constructed the Aurora Elks Lodge No. 705 in 1926, in the Mayan Revival architecture style. A third major hotel, Leland Tower, was constructed across the street in 1928 and was operated by the same family as Hotel Arthur. When it opened, Hotel Leland was the tallest building in Illinois outside out Chicago. The Rapp and Rapp Paramount Theatre opened in 1931 and operated continuously until a 1976 restoration.</p><br>
<h2>Major Buildings on Stolp Island</h2><br>
<p>Benton St. Bridge (east branch)</p><br>
<p>Downtown Auto Service Station</p><br>
<p>SciTech Hands On Museum</p><br>
<p>Downer Place Bridge (east branch)</p><br>
<p>Linden & Lake Plumbers Building</p><br>
<p>Aurora Herald/Freemasons Building</p><br>
<p>Aurora Coin & Stamp Building</p><br>
<p>G. A. R. Memorial Building</p><br>
<p>Fox Theatre Building & Promenade</p><br>
<p>Aurora Silver Plate Mfg. Building</p><br>
<p>Aurora Greenhouse</p><br>
<p>Stolp Woolen Mill Store, separately listed on the NRHP</p><br>
<p>Stolp Woolen Mill Dye House</p><br>
<p>VIP Realty</p><br>
<p>Metropolitan Business College</p><br>
<p>Sherer Building</p><br>
<p>Galena Blvd Bridge (east channel)</p><br>
<p>Aurora Civic Center Authority Offices</p><br>
<p>Paramount Theatre</p><br>
<p>Block & Kuhl/Carson Pirie Scott Building</p><br>
<p>North Island Center</p><br>
<p>New York Street Memorial Bridge</p><br>
<p>Hotel Aurora</p><br>
<p>Moose Building/Isle Theater</p><br>
<p>Stanley&#39;s Furniture Building</p><br>
<p>Keystone Building (Aurora, Illinois)</p><br>
<p>Graham Building (Aurora, Illinois)</p><br>
<p>37 S. Stolp Ave.</p><br>
<p>Assell&#39;s Photo Shop</p><br>
<p>Barefoot Charley&#39;s Diner</p><br>
<p>Leland Tower</p><br>
<p>Illinois Bell</p><br>
<p>Columbia Conservatory of Music</p><br>
<p>Aurora Elks Lodge No. 705, separately listed on the NRHP</p><br>
<p>Building at northwest corner of Stolp & Galena</p><br>
<p>The Stolp Woolen Mill Store was built in 1860. It is located on Stolp Island in Aurora, Illinois. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is also a contributing building in the Stolp Island Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Joseph G. Stolp built the Stolp Woolen Mill Store in 1861. Stolp was one of the first settlers of Aurora, Illinois and operated a wool carding business. Stolp had previously worked in wool manufacturing in Marcellus, New York. His first office was built in 1837 in a small frame building on Stolp Island. He bought a brick mill in 1849 and continued to grow the business. By the 1860s, he needed a new place to sell his goods outside of the mill. The growth of the railroad industry dramatically increased competition against Stolp&#39;s business, and he had to shut down the mill in 1887. The mill store was rented to C. C. Hinckley & Co., a local producer of watchmaking tools, and J. D. Rice & Sons, a painting and decoration company. In 1889, Stolp improved the building by rehabilitating the interior and adding an extension on the east. The mill store is the oldest building still standing on Stolp Island today. The building was recognized as a Historic Place by the National Park Service on September 1, 1983 and was listed as part of the Stolp Island Historic District when it was created three years later.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The mill store building is 80 x on the southwest corner of Downer Place and Stolp Avenue. The main entrance on the north was built during Stolp&#39;s 1889 renovation. Since then, the facade has been updated with modern wood and glass, but the design has not changed. An oriel window projects from the second floor with a flat window on either side. The bay window has a shallow cornice above the windows, with an ornamented pediment above the central window. A palmette design adorns the top of the gable at the apex. The first floor on the north side was updated to a modern glass storefront. piers can be found on either side of the facade, detailed at the time with limestone fluting. The only other exposed elevation is the eastern facade. The northernmost window remains from the 1889 addition with a limestone lintel.</p><br>
<p>The Aurora Elks Lodge No. 705 is a Mayan style building on Stolp Island in Aurora, Illinois. It is included in the Stolp Island Historic District. The building was built in 1926 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Aurora, Illinois building for the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks was built in 1926 by Chicago architectural firm Zimmerman, Saxe & Zimmerman. The buildings designs were heavily influenced by the archaeological discoveries being widely reported in the 1920s in Mesoamerica. According to members of the lodge, William Carbys Zimmerman spent some time at some of the Late Classic Mayan sites to gather influence for his designs. Specifically, Carbys designs reflect the Late Classic and early Postclassic Eras. Details include Mayan deities, symbols, and architectural placements. The building is a rare example of a Mayan motif applied to a Prairie School design. It is uncertain why this type of design was chosen, as Mayan symbols do not have any special significance in the Elks community.</p><br>
<p>This property was purchased in January 2015 by Karademas Management, who will be developing it into residential property consisting of 29 upscale units scheduled to open in the summer of 2015. Plans for a first floor restaurant are also in the works.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building consists of two rectangular sections, one that is three stories tall and one that is four stories. The steel-framed, concrete reinforced structure has a flat roof. The main exterior facade, on the south and east, features horizontal bands of twisted red-brown brick and beige terra-cotta with Mayan glyphs. The three-story section was used as the main lobby, dining rooms, meeting rooms, club offices, ballroom, bars, and lounge. The four-story section was the main dining room and also housed the kitchen, a bar, forty-six rooms for traveling members, and a basement bowling alley.</p><br>
<p>The George Brown Mansion is an example of the Queen Anne&#39;s Style of architecture. It was a dominant style during the 1880s and 1890s, the time when Chesterton was a growing city in northern Indiana. George Brown arrived in the United States in 1852. In 1855, he married Charity Carter, daughter of a local family. He became a successful farmer in the township. The farm was located on what is 950 North, west of 400 East. By the year 1882 he was operating a farm of 900 acre. He had expanded into supplying cordwood to the Porter brickyards after 1870. George and Charity had ten children. In 1884 George Brown bought 120 acre in the town of Chesterton from the John Thomas family. His plans called for a retirement home on this site. He engaged Chicago architect Cicero Hine to design the house. In 1891 the family sold all but 10 acre. It was the same year, that he built a brick store downtown at Calumet and Broadway. During the 1902 fire, it was the only store to survive. Charity Brown died in 1895 at 56. George died in 1899 at the age of 71. After a probate fight, his son John Franklin  moved into the house with his family.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, the Westchester Historical Society uses the Brown Mansion as the Westchester Township History Museum and Society offices.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The interior reflects the Queen Anne style with an asymmetrical floor plan. Through the front doors is a large entry hall. The interior includes stained and etched glass windows, plaster corbels and arches. The fireplace is decorated in a flower motif of oak with a faux marble painted soapstone enclosure. Door lights are made of engraved glass. The third floor has a ballroom for formal dances. The third floor balcony is accessible from the dance floor.</p><br>
<p>The house was constructed on local materials, including Porter bricks and Jackson Township lumber. It included hot and cold running water, with a bathroom on the second floor, and a coal fired furnace.</p><br>
<p>GBM P6080017.jpgEast Facade</p><br>
<p>GBM P6080022.jpgSouthwest corner</p><br>
<p>GBM Main Entrance P6080029.jpgMain entrance</p><br>
<p>GBM Fan light P7180062.jpgFan light over front door</p><br>
<p>GBM Dining Room P6080046.jpgDining Room</p><br>
<p>GBM 3rd Floor stairway P7180074.jpg3rd Floor Stairway</p><br>
<p>GBM Parlor P6080041.jpgParlor</p><br>
<p>GBM Date on Chimney P6080032.jpgCarved date on Chimney</p><br>
<p>GBM Upper Chimney P6080034.jpgChimney top</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Sites</h2><br>
<p>Chesterton Commercial Historic District</p><br>
<p>Chesterton Residential Historic District</p><br>
<p>George Brown Mansion</p><br>
<p>Norris and Harriet Coambs Lustron House</p><br>
<p>New York Central Railroad Passenger Depot, Chesterton, Indiana</p><br>
<p>Martin Young House</p><br>
<p>Martin Young shows up in the abstracts of several significant real estate transactions that provided for the growth of the town of Chesterton. He does not appear to have had a major role in the development on the town, except it apparently provided him with the means to build the Italianate home on Second Street. Young&#39;s prominence in the community began with the death of Cornelia Woods. She owned numerous acres on the south and southeast sides of downtown Chesterton since 1872. When she died in 1891, her five children from two marriages could not agree of the dispensation of the estate. In October, 1891 they reached a settlement and allowed Commissioner George Morgan to sell the property to Martin Young for $5,400. Young bought two parcels, one of 42.52 acre and the other of 14 acre. “except one acre conveyed by grantors April 30, 1894 to the Chesterton Paint Manufacturing company”, this was the complete estate of Cornelia Woods. In 1907, the Chesterton Realty Company purchased the area east of Coffee Creek and platted the Morgan Park development. Martin Young received $8,220 for his land.</p><br>
<p>This "mansion" was built by Thomas Miles (1827 VA - 1893 Chesterton, IN) in 1878. (4/18/1878 Vidette Messenger) He was in Chesterton in 1880 with his wife Ellen (Morrical) Miles and six children. In 1889, Ellen left for Findlay, Ohio with the children. (12/13/1889 Chesterton Tribune) Martin Young bought the house in 1888 after Thomas Miles "met with a series of business reverses that rendered him bankrupt". Thomas Miles died July 1, 1893, and is buried in Chesterton cemetery with no gravestone. The obituary said he died "penniless." (7/7/1893 Chesterton) Today the house is known as the "Martin Young" house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Sites</h2><br>
<p>Chesterton Commercial Historic District</p><br>
<p>Chesterton Residential Historic District</p><br>
<p>George Brown Mansion</p><br>
<p>Norris and Harriet Coambs Lustron House</p><br>
<p>New York Central Railroad Passenger Depot, Chesterton, Indiana</p><br>
<p>Martin Young House</p><br>
<p>The Redford Township District No. 5 School is a school building located at 18499 Beech Daly Road in Redford, Michigan. After 1923, the school was known as the Redford Union District No. 1 School, and the building was also called the Beech Road School. It is now known as the John C. Raeside Administration Building. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1994 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building on this site is the third school building to be constructed here. The first Redford Township District No. 5 School was a log building constructed c. 1842. The second school was a wood-frame structure built in the 1870s. The building currently on this site was built at some time between 1916 and 1921.</p><br>
<p>It is likely that this new school was constructed in response to the increased suburbanization of Redford Township and the consequent increase in the student population. In fact, from 1917 to 1920, the number of students attending Redford Township District No. 5 School increased from 47 to 76.</p><br>
<p>In 1923, six of Redford&#39;s school districts, including district No. 5, consolidated to form Union School District No. 1. After consolidation, this school was used as an elementary school until 1961.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Redford Township District No. 5 School is a one-story red brick school building with a hipped roof and a concrete foundation with raised basement. The front facade is symmetrical, with a projecting vestibule sheltering the central main entrance, flanked by three six-over-one double-hung windows on each side. The side facades originally had single windows; however, these have been boarded over, as have the basement windows. The roof is crowned with a belfry with arched openings. Exterior decoration is minimal, with a single brick beltcourse separating the basement and main floor, and vertical piers on the front and sides.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the school consists of two classrooms on the main floor and a two-room basement.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The school was built using stock plans available free of charge from the state superintendent of public instruction to any school district desiring them. These stock plans were created in response to legislation requiring the Superintendent&#39;s office to approve all school plans. Not only were the plans "calculated to meet the requirements of most districts, both as to cost of the building and the peculiarities of the local site," but they were supposed to exemplify the "modern rural school building," one that was "planned to observe both hygienic needs and the conveniences of schoolroom administration."</p><br>
<p>The Redford Township District No. 5 School is a rare surviving unremodeled example of a school featuring every detail of the original plans, including the belfry, simple decorative brickwork, and east-facing facade.</p><br>
<p>The El Dorado Carnegie Library is a former public library, constructed in 1912, in El Dorado, Kansas. It was designed by architect John F. Stanton. In 1959, a new library was built in El Dorado; the original was eventually purchased privately and in the 1980s it was renovated and converted into private offices: from 2002, an architectural firm. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Paddock Building, also known as the Gorman Building, was a historic commercial building located at 384 West Main Street in Malone, Franklin County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built in about 1848 and was a nearly square, six-bay-by-six-bay building with a rectangular rear wing. The main block was three and one half stories tall and rear wing was two stories. The walls were of sandstone construction and measure one and one half feet thick. It featured a stone arcade across the front façade. It was believed to be the oldest extant commercial building in Franklin County.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1976.</p><br>
<p>In July 2017, the building―then in use for apartments―burned along with others on its block in a fire that killed one resident and injured dozens. While it was initially reported that the building could be restored, In November 2021, demolition began on the Paddock Building&#39;s burned shell and six neighboring buildings. Construction on the new development began in July 2022.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office-Malone is a historic post office building located at Malone in Franklin County, New York, United States. It was designed and built in 1934, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department under Louis A. Simon. The building is in the Classical Revival style and is three stories in height with a five-bay, two-story entrance pavilion, one-story side wings and a two-story rear wing. It is of steel frame construction and clad in yellow brick trimmed with limestone. Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office and Courthouse in Meridian, Mississippi was built in 1933. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is a three-story limestone building built in a classical Art Deco style which was home to Meridian&#39;s main post office and a federal courthouse from its construction in 1933 until 2012 when the federal courthouse was closed due to budget cuts. The building itself is still open and still houses the post office.</p><br>
<h2>Previous buildings</h2><br>
<p>When John T. Ball, one of the citys founders, bought land in the city in 1853, he built a log store on 26th Avenue and 7th Street. In this store, he persuaded the government to rent space for a small post office. In 1863, the post office was moved to the corner of 27th Avenue and Davis Street and would move five additional times before the building of the citys first Federal building in 1898. Meridian had begun a push for a Federal building as far back as 1888, and on January 2, 1898, The Meridian Star reported this dream had become a reality.</p><br>
<p>The new building was designed by architect William Martin Aiken. As the city grew, the building was used extensively. By 1899, the post office had five mail carriers and four in-house clerks. As demand increased, an addition was made to the east side of the building in 1911.</p><br>
<h2>Federal building</h2><br>
<p>During the Great Depression, the state government added a new Federal building to nearly every town of importance and gave financial aid to the builders. The new Meridian Post Office and Courthouse was one of these buildings, located at 9th Street and 21st Avenue and noted for its mass and proportion rather than for its detail. The district court moved to the present courthouse when it was built in 1933, and the old building was demolished sometime in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was designed by a local architectural firm headed by noted Meridian architect P.J. Krouse Unlike decorative forms such as that of the Threefoot Building, also in Meridian, classical Art Deco buildings usually use monochromatic stone or brick and are usually shaped like classical temples. Another example of this classical Art Deco style in Mississippi is the War Memorial Building, a Mississippi Landmark in Jackson.</p><br>
<p>The building is a three-story limestone building with a basement and composition roof. Granite steps lead up to the main entrance, slightly above ground level, and there is a bronze grill with a decorative ear of corn design on it. The words "Neither snow nor rain nor gloom of night shall stay these couriers" are engraved in all capitals across the top of the front facade of the building. Above a terracotta coping is a parapet wall with a repeated design of an eagle and a steer with ears of corn hanging from his ears. A large flagpole with a marble base is outside the front entrance, and four lamps line the entrance-way. Each lamp is a glass world globe shaded with two colors of amber.</p><br>
<p>The front entrance opens to a foyer with two granite steps leading to the public lobby and a marble mosaic in the center of the floor. The foyer has four marble columns, two of which divide the steps, and two against each end wall. The lobby contains marble flooring and a building directory of cast bronze.</p><br>
<p>In 1963 under the General Services Administration, the basement and first floor of the building were extended in the rear, but the structural integrity of the exterior was not affected by the addition.</p><br>
<h2>Notable cases</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse housed in the building was the setting of many notable cases, especially during the Civil Rights Movement. On May 31, 1961, James Meredith filed a lawsuit in the Meridian court against the University of Mississippi, and the initial trial was held in the courthouse. The suit would eventually go to the Supreme Court, which ruled in Meredith&#39;s favor. The Meridian courthouse was also the site of the United States v. Price case, in which 19 men were charged with the murders of James Chaney, Michael Schwerner, and Andrew Goodman in October 1967. The trial resulted in the conviction of 7 people and was the first time an all-white jury in Mississippi convicted a white person on civil rights charges.</p><br>
<p>Usage of the court declined (as it did in all federal courts) since the Civil Rights era, averaging only six to eight trials per year during the 1980s and 1990s, and even fewer in more recent years. No federal judges have been stationed in the courthouse since the &#39;90s. Most filings since then have been made online, and judges are brought in from larger cities if needed for business.</p><br>
<h2>Closure of the courthouse</h2><br>
<p>In September 2012, the Judicial Conference of the United States announced that it would no longer use the building for trials.</p><br>
<p>The United States Courthouse, previously known as Institute Hall, Opera Hall, and Memorial Hall, is a building in Natchez, Mississippi that was initially constructed from 1851 to 1853, for use as an educational building. It has served a variety of public purposes in the intervening years. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In 2007, it was rededicated as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi.</p><br>
<h2>Building history</h2><br>
<p>The cornerstone for the United States Courthouse, originally known as Institute Hall, was laid in 1852. The president of the Natchez Board of Education stated at the cornerstone laying ceremony that it would "serve as a monument to the past showing what can be accomplished in a few years by willing hearts and ready hands. It will be a beacon in the future, calling for deeds to emulate the past". The building was built by the Weldon Brothers. The building was completed in 1853 and intended to serve as a place for events and performances related to the adjacent Natchez Institute school. It opened on Independence Day that year. The building quickly became the citys entertainment venue, hosting traveling acts and local celebrations. By the 1890s, newspapers called the building Opera Hall. (It had briefly doubled as a roller rink.) In 1901 the basement-level girls classrooms were relocated to the new building of the Natchez Institute. That same year, a new concert hall opened in the city, and Opera Hall attracted few events.</p><br>
<p>In 1921, the American Legion refashioned the building as a World War I monument, adding a proscenium stage and patriotic decor. In 1924, they added four bronze plaques with the names of World War I veterans and two descriptive plaques, and the structure was renamed Memorial Hall. The newly renamed building continued to serve a wide variety of purposes for the city throughout the twentieth century. It was a teen canteen, a library, a charity clothing drop-off center, a museum, an American Legion hall, a place for the city to store voting booths, a location for boxing matches, and it occasionally still hosted public performances. One notable use began in 1932, as the first pageant was held in Memorial Hall during the Natchez Pilgrimage, the nation&#39;s second oldest organized house tour.</p><br>
<p>By the 1970s, the building was in a decaying condition. In 1987, the Historic Natchez Foundation, working with the city, purchased the dilapidated building, began emergency repairs, and waited for a preservation-supportive occupant.</p><br>
<p>Changing US courts needs led the US District courts to relocate a court to Natchez. Through a partnership involving federal, state, and local agencies working closely with Waggonner & Ball Architects, Memorial Hall was rehabilitated for use as a federal courthouse. In 2007, Natchez once again was the site of a federal court. More than 200 years earlier, it had a federal courthouse when it was the capital of the Mississippi Territory.</p><br>
<h3>Report on 1924 World War I plaques</h3><br>
<p>On March 14, 2010, the Natchez Democrat reported that the names of more than 500 black servicemen from Adams County in World War I had been excluded from the memorial plaques, which were installed in 1924 during an extended period of state racial segregation, at what is now the US Courthouse. Shane Peterson, a student at California State University Northridge, had researched the issue and published a paper online; he found that a federal roster shows that 581 black men entered the USA Army from Adams County between 1917 and 1918, and approximately 200 of the veterans returned to Adams County after the war, yet none is listed on the courthouse plaques.</p><br>
<p>Peterson contacted Ser Seshs Ab Heter-C.M. Boxley, a local activist and coordinator of the Friends of the Forks of the Road, for help in getting the names added. Boxley suggested that new memorial plaques were needed to correct the exclusion related to the racial segregation of the Jim Crow era. Media covered the reaction of the new owner of the monument, the United States General Services Administration (GSA), which manages public buildings on behalf of federal courts and agencies.</p><br>
<p>In April 2010, a GSA spokesman said the agency was working on correcting the exclusion. In November GSA hired a consultant to aid with research and public outreach on the project. The consultant confirmed that the names of more than 500 black men from the Natchez area had been left off the plaques; in addition, 100 white men had been overlooked. The corrected list of veterans was published at the Armstrong Library, the federal courthouse, the Natchez Historic Foundation, the Natchez Museum of African American Culture, and the Natchez Visitor Reception Center, as well as online. On behalf of GSA, the consultant invited people to send any additions. Outreach has been conducted to such service groups as the American Legion, in order to solicit any additions. New plaques will be commissioned which will be complete. The original plaques will be moved inside to be part of an interpretive exhibit on Natchez in World War I and the roles played by all its veterans.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The structure is a rare example of a nineteenth-century Greek Revival auditorium. It was designed by the noted English-born Kentucky architect Thomas Lewinski, while he worked as supervisor of the construction of a nearby Marine Hospital. The Greek Revival style building resembles Lewinskis work in Kentucky more so than the Greek Revival mansions of Natchez. The courthouse is rectangular in plan with two stories and a gabled roof. A primary Greek Revival feature is its symmetrical, three-bay facade, classically detailed with a centered, single bay engaged portico flanked by recessed side bays. The engaged portico features paired pilasters supporting a triple banded architrave, a wide frieze, a molded cornice, and a pediment. A molded panel parapet surmounts the facade with paired piers that echo the arrangement of the pilasters below them. The wide frieze continues along either side of the building, which is brick clad and has six window bays along its lower levels. The upper levels of the building contain larger wood windows. The second story above the main entrance contains a more elaborate double-height window with multi-light sidelights. The rear elevation has a central portico with pilasters rendered in brick. It has a modern stairwell addition enclosed in semi-opaque glass, constructed as part of the buildings recent renovation. The front elevation on Pearl Street includes its original ornamental wrought iron fence and two decorative pole light fixtures, recreated based upon original documentation.</p><br>
<p>Entranceways are present at each of the facades three bays. The main entrance, located in the center bay, is composed of a pair of eight-paneled molded doors that open onto a foyer. Inside, a pair of wood doors adorned with upper panel patterning of octagonal openings is present at the foyers rear wall. They are set within a wide wood surround with a peaked lintel containing a federal-style eagle motif in the center. The doors lead into a corridor that continues the length of the building, with offices located off of either side of it. Within the foyer are symmetrically placed matching staircases that lead to the second floor. Each is made of turned wood newels and balusters, makes two quarter turns, and has winders at beginning and end. The grand staircase leads to a second-floor landing at the entrance to the main courtroom.</p><br>
<p>The second level features a large open space that was originally an auditorium, and was rehabilitated into a federal courtroom. The courtroom space, with blonde wood partitions, is a recently added room within the larger pre-existing space. To give visitors a sense of the original width of the room and allow light to penetrate the courtroom, above eye level, wood louvers and glass panels top the partitions. A turned spindle wood balustrade, for a former balcony at the room&#39;s rear wall, is retained.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>1851-1853: Building designed and constructed to provide public school auditorium and classroom space</p><br>
<p>1890s: Referred to as the Opera Hall, building becomes the city&#39;s entertainment venue</p><br>
<p>1901: Both new school building and new concert hall are constructed, leaving the building almost vacant</p><br>
<p>1921: Renovated by the American Legion and renamed Memorial Hall in honor of World War I veterans</p><br>
<p>1924: Plaques with the names of Adams County World War I Veterans and two descriptive plaques bolted to the facade</p><br>
<p>1930s: Used as pageant venue for the Natchez Pilgrimage House Tour</p><br>
<p>1965: Natchez library, housed in basement since 1883, relocates</p><br>
<p>1968-1970s: Natchez Museum occupies auditorium</p><br>
<p>1979: Building listed in National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>1986-1987: After auditorium ceiling collapses, Historic Natchez Foundation acquires building and champions its preservation</p><br>
<p>2004: GSA acquires building and begins, in conjunction with many public and private agencies, its rehabilitation into a courthouse</p><br>
<p>2007: United States Courthouse in Natchez begins session</p><br>
<h2>Building facts</h2><br>
<p>Location: 109 South Pearl Street</p><br>
<p>Architects: Thomas Lewinski; Waggonner & Ball Architects</p><br>
<p>Construction Dates: 1851–1853; 2003–2007</p><br>
<p>Landmark Status: Listed in the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>Architectural Style: Greek Revival</p><br>
<p>Primary Materials: Brick and stucco</p><br>
<p>Prominent Features: Classical facade with parapet; Courtroom in original two-story auditorium; Elaborate staircases</p><br>
<h2>Attribution</h2><br>
<p>Eureka Masonic College, also known as The Little Red Schoolhouse  in Richland, Holmes County, Mississippi, is widely known as the birthplace of the Order of the Eastern Star, created by Robert Morris.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The educational institution was established in 1847 by the Masonic Lodges of Holmes County, Mississippi, as the Richland Literary Institute. The lodges raised $3,400 to erect the two-story brick school building.</p><br>
<p>The Holmes County Masons hired Robert Morris away from Mount Sylvan Academy in Oxford to run their new school. In 1848, the school was renamed as the "Eureka Masonic College."</p><br>
<p>Morris was concerned that the female relatives of Masons could not share in the benefits of Freemasonry. In the winter of 1849-1850, while in Jackson, Mississippi, to recuperate from an attack of an ailment that he described as rheumatism, he focused his attention on developing a womens Masonic organization. During that winter he developed a system of degrees and other principles for that organization, and in February 1850 wrote Eastern Stars first ritual, titled The Rosary of the Eastern Star.</p><br>
<p>Morris left the school some time thereafter, moving to Masonic University in LaGrange, Kentucky. Eureka Masonic College operated until 1861, with a curriculum that never extended past the college preparatory level. During the Civil War, the school building housed the regimental headquarters for a Mississippi Infantry regiment.</p><br>
<h3>Segregated public school</h3><br>
<p>After the Civil War, Holmes County took over the abandoned schoolhouse for use as a segregated public school for African Americans.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration of building</h3><br>
<p>Following the school&#39;s closure, the schoolhouse was leased to the Order of the Eastern Star, which undertook an extensive restoration project that was finally completed in 1979. Ownership was transferred to the Order of the Eastern Star in August 1968.</p><br>
<h2>Location and architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Eureka Masonic College building is located in a rural setting in Holmes County along Mississippi Highway 17 near Interstate 55. The building&#39;s footprint has dimensions of 30 ft by 60 ft. There are Federal style fanlights over the doorways on its two primary facades. The first story is divided into two large classrooms, and the second story contains a single large meeting hall. At the time of its construction, it was "undoubtedly, the largest building in rural Holmes County."</p><br>
<p>The James Cardinal Gibbons Memorial Statue is a public artwork by Leo Lentelli, located at the Shrine of the Sacred Heart, 16th Street and Park Road Northwest, Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<p>The James Cardinal Gibbons Memorial Statue was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian&#39;s Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey in 1993. It was listed with the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It is a bronze figure of James Gibbons seated, wearing cardinals robes. In his proper left hand he holds a cross which hangs from his neck. His proper right hand is raised as if giving a blessing. The base, which is made of granite and stands at H. 8 ft. x W. 10 ft., and weighs 2,500 lbs., has a relief of a shield topped with an ecclesiastical hat called a galero. The shield has the coat of arms of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore on the left, joined with the Cardinals personal coat of arms on the right. Around the shield are rows of tassels that represent the ranks of clergy. In this case, 15 rows indicate Gibbons rank as Cardinal.</p><br>
<p>The front of the base displays:</p><br>
<p>The rear of the base displays:</p><br>
<p>On the left side of the base is the artists name and the founders mark:</p><br>
<h2>Acquisition</h2><br>
<p>The James Cardinal Gibbons Memorial Statue was authorized by Congress and President Calvin Coolidge on April 23, 1928. The piece was commissioned by the Knights of Columbus and cost, at no expense to the United States, $35,998. The piece was unveiled on August 14, 1932. John F. Connelly attended the dedication ceremony.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>The sculpture was installed to coincide with the Knights of Columbus 50th anniversary. They chose to dedicate a sculpture on behalf of Gibbons because of his "preeminence as a great American". The sculpture was created in Lentellis New York studio.</p><br>
<p>On February 22, 2007, the Gibbons Memorial was declared a Washington, D.C., historic site and on October 11, 2007 it was added to the national register.</p><br>
<p>The Luthor List Mound  is an archaeological site of the Adena culture in the southern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located in Pickaway County near the city of Circleville, this Native American mound sits along the Kingston Pike, southeast of Circleville in Circleville Township.</p><br>
<p>As one of the largest burial mounds in Pickaway County, the Luthor List Mound is believed to contain the skeletons of many leading members of the society that built it. The mound&#39;s location on top of a small ridge, far from major bodies of water, is indicative that it was built by Adenan peoples, who often buried their chieftains in mounds such as the Luthor List Mound. Such mounds were typically built in stages: individuals would be buried within small mounds, and the resulting mound cluster would be covered with earth and converted into a single large mound.</p><br>
<p>Unlike many of the region&#39;s conical mounds, the Luthor List Mound has seen very little damage since white settlement of the region. Located on a ridgeline, the mound sits at an elevation of 735 feet (224 m). With a diameter of at least 75 ft in all directions, it is 12 ft high; the erosion caused by the plows of past farmers has not damaged the Luthor List Mound because of its location — sitting atop the ridgeline and covered with trees, it is not an ideal farming location. In recognition of its archaeological value, the Luthor List Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Fountain of Youth Archaeological Park is a privately owned 15 acre park in St. Augustine, Florida, located along Hospital Creek, part of the Intracoastal Waterway. It has been touted as the likely 1513 Florida landing site of Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon, although no evidence has been found to substantiate this claim. Recent research by amateur historian Douglas Peck has placed another possible landing site in the vicinity of Melbourne Beach in Brevard County.</p><br>
<p>The park contains a well claimed to be the freshwater source referred to by Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas in his Historia general de los hechos de los castellanos en las Islas y Tierra Firme del mar Océano and supposedly sought by Ponce de Leon, but there is no supporting evidence. Archaeological excavations made by Dr. Kathleen Deagan on the park&#39;s grounds in the 1990s uncovered remains of the first Spanish settlement and its fortifications in St. Augustine.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Beginning in the 1860s, there were a series of small attractions on the grounds of the present-day Fountain of Youth Archaeological Park. These attractions showcased a well described as a "spring" and the attractive grounds surrounding it. The attraction was enlarged by Luella Day McConnell in 1904. "Diamond Lil", as she was known, fabricated stories to amuse and appall the city&#39;s residents and tourists until her accidental death in 1927.</p><br>
<p>The Park was purchased in 1927 by Walter B. Fraser, a Georgia resident who soon relocated to St. Augustine, Florida and became active in local politics. During the 1930s Fraser organized St. Augustine&#39;s first formal restoration movement, which was the forerunner of the preservation program which eventually became the Historic St. Augustine Preservation Board. The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<p>From 1933 to 1943 Fraser served on the City Commission, the last seven of those years as mayor. During that time he purchased the Oldest Orange Grove and the Oldest School House. He built WFOY radio and purchased the Markland estate adjacent to the Ponce de Leon Hotel, and served in the Florida Senate from 1944 to 1948.</p><br>
<p>Malone Armory is a historic National Guard armory building located at Malone in Franklin County, New York. It is a brick and stone castle-like structure built in 1892, designed to be reminiscent of medieval military structures in Europe. It was designed by State Architect Isaac G. Perry. It consists of a 2-story, steeply pitched hipped roofed administration building with an attached -story, gable-roofed drill shed. The building is built of Potsdam sandstone and features a -story round tower on the administration building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>ArmoryMaloneNy.JPGMalone Armory, 1907 Postcard</p><br>
<p>Anselm Lincoln House is a historic home located at Malone in Franklin County, New York. It was built in 1830 and has a 2-story rectangular main block, three bays long by two bays wide, and -story wing. It is built of beautifully cut and fitted ashlar block, two feet thick. It is believed to be the oldest stone house in Franklin County. It was donated to the North Country Community College in 1974.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Hastings Farmstead is a historic home and farm complex located at Dickinson Center in Franklin County, New York. The house was built in 1896 and is a T-shaped building with a -story main block, built of balloon frame construction with clapboard siding and decorative shingles in the Victorian style. Attached to the rear of the main block is a -story wing that was built originally in the 1820s as a summer kitchen and pantry. Also on the property are seven outbuildings built between 1820 and 1940. They include five barns, a springhouse / milk house, and garage.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Grosse Pointe Academy is an independent day school located at 171 Lake Shore Drive in Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan. Originally known as the Academy of the Sacred Heart, the campus buildings were designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1977 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The school serves preschool through middle school .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site on which the Grosse Pointe Academy now sits was originally a French ribbon farm running from Lake St. Clair to Ridge Road. In 1867, the Society of the Sacred Heart, an order of cloistered nuns, obtained the property, and the next year a small public school was built on the property.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1920s, recognizing the need for more space, the sisters sold off the portion of the farm beyond Grosse Pointe Boulevard and used the proceeds to build a new education building and renovate the chapel. Farming continued on the property until the 1940s. In 1969, the Sisters deeded the property to a lay Board of Trustees, who continued the educational mission of the school as the Grosse Pointe Academy, a co-educational day school.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Grosse Pointe Academy is situated on a long strip of land between Grosse Pointe Boulevard and Lake Shore Drive on Lake Saint Clair, and directly adjacent to Saint Paul Catholic Church (Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan). Seven buildings are situated on the site, of which five are contributing structures to the historic district: an 1855 farmhouse, four large educational buildings dating from 1885 to 1930. The last two structures, a 1939 headmaster&#39;s house and a maintenance shed, are non-contributing.</p><br>
<p>The Madison County Courthouse is located in Winterset, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Madison County was organized in 1850 and Winterset was chosen as the county seat the same year. The first court sessions were held in different stores and taverns. The county&#39;s first courthouse was a double log structure built in 1849 on Monumental Square in Winterset. The building was also used for a school, church, and resting spot for travelers.</p><br>
<p>It was replaced by a stone courthouse designed by G.P. Randall and built beginning in 1868. It was a Greek cross-shaped structure composed of locally quarried limestone that was capped with an octagonal dome. There was a jail on the second floor. The building was destroyed in a fire of October 2, 1875. The remains of the burnt courthouse were salvaged and used in the construction of the new courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The present courthouse was begun in 1876. It was designed by Chicago architect Alfred H. Piquenard who along with John C. Cochrane was also responsible for the designs of the Illinois and Iowa State Capitols. The building was completed in 1878 for about $120,000. It is located on the same public square as the previous courthouses surrounded by commercial buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is significant for its architecture. It is noteworthy for its stone construction and its rather simple interpretation of the French Renaissance Revival style. The structure is very similar to the second courthouse, but its decorative details are more refined. The two buildings have the same dimensions. The stone that had been salvaged from the previous courthouse had to be recut. Additional stone was acquired from a local quarry. Each of the four elevations of the building are identical and feature a columned portico over an entryway. A silver-colored dome reaches a height of 136 ft and it contains a 1,500 lbs bell and a four-faced clock. The interior features woodwork of solid walnut.</p><br>
<p>The Richard and Geraldine Hodgson House is a historic house at 881 Ponus Ridge Road in New Canaan, Connecticut. It is an International Style house that was built in 1951 to a design by Philip C. Johnson and Landis Gores. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hodgson House stands in rural-residential western New Canaan, at the southeast corner of Ponus Ridge Road and Arrowhead Trail. It is a single-story steel-frame structure, with a central U-shaped block housing its public spaces and a rectangular bedroom wing attached via a hyphen. The house is finished in brick and glass, with only wooden fascia. The main block encloses a garden court that effectively merges indoor and outdoor living spaces. The bedroom wing was designed to maximize privacy, with only the east-facing elevation having any windows.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed by architect Philip Johnson; its central block was built in 1950-51 and the bedroom wing, part of Johnsons design, was added in 1955. At the time of the design work, Johnson was in partnership with Landis Gores. Johnson and Gores partnership broke up soon after their work on this house, reportedly because Johnson was not interested in Gores&#39; ideas for this house, according to Johnson biographer Franz Schulze. The house was given the Honor Award by the American Institute of Architects in 1956. Richard Hodgson, for whose family the house was built, was a prominent engineer and businessman who was an important early figure in the rise of Fairchild Semiconductor.</p><br>
<p>The Guglielmo Marconi Memorial is a public artwork by Attilio Piccirilli, located at the intersection of 16th and Lamont Streets NW in the Mount Pleasant neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It stands as a tribute to Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi, whose work with telegraphy and radio waves led to the creation and popularity of the radio. It was paid for by public subscription and erected in 1941. The artwork was listed on both the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites and the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. It is a contributing property to the Mount Pleasant Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Biography</h3><br>
<p>Guglielmo Marconi was born in 1874 in Bologna, Kingdom of Italy. His father was a businessman and his mother an Irish-born heiress. During his childhood, one of his neighbors was physicist Augusto Righi, whose work with electricity interested Marconi. Marconi was particularly interested in the work of physicist Heinrich Hertz. While still a young man, Marconi began his work in studying telegraphy and developing radio wave technology. In addition to Hertz, Marconi studied the works of physicist James Clerk Maxwell.</p><br>
<p>Continuing his work with telegraphy and radio waves, in 1895, Marconi could send a message within a 1-mile (1.6 km) radius. Marconi attempted to notify the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs, who had no interest in further developing the new technology. The following year Marconi was introduced to British post office engineer, Henry Jameson Davis. After the meeting, Marconi found success in using Hertz&#39;s laboratory, where he could demonstrate his work to others. Within the next few years, Marconi secured a patent for his invention and equipped a number of American ships with his wireless telegraph. He also founded the Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company and opened a fabricating warehouse in Chelmsford, England.</p><br>
<p>Marconi built a transmitter station in Poldhu, England, and another in Wellfleet, Massachusetts. Due to technical problems, the latter station was moved to Glace Bay, Canada. On December 2, 1902, the first successful transmission of a wireless telegraph message was sent. The following month, he transmitted messages between President Theodore Roosevelt and King Edward VII.</p><br>
<p>In the 1900s, Marconi quickly found success with the wireless telegraphs, installing them in cruise ships, and in 1909, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Karl Ferdinand Braun. He was also awarded the Albert Medal by the Royal Society of Arts in 1914. Marconi continued to improve his invention, and it was later applied to radio communications. By the 1920s, a large number of European and American homes had a radio.</p><br>
<p>He was appointed to be an Italian representative at the Paris Peace Conference, which took place after World War I. While there, he signed the Treaty of Versailles and other peace documents. He continued to work on his technology, but began having a series of heart attacks. Beginning in 1930, Marconi was appointed president of the Royal Academy of Italy by Benito Mussolini. As president of the organization, he was made a member of the Grand Council of Fascism.</p><br>
<h3>Memorial</h3><br>
<p>Within a few months after Marconi&#39;s death, there were calls for a memorial to be erected in his honor. On September 28, 1937, USA Representative Kent E. Keller asked the United States Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) for their approval of a proposed memorial. Within a couple of weeks, the CFA approved the plan and suggested the memorial be erected in a prominent location. The Marconi Memorial Foundation (MMF) was soon founded and began raising funds in 1938.</p><br>
<p>The sculptor chosen to create the memorial was Italian American Attilio Piccirilli, the architect was Joseph Freedlander, and the landscape was designed by Joseph Gardner. After the final design was approved by the CFA, Congress approved a joint resolution to erect the memorial. The final bill was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 14, 1938. In 1940, Congress approved the landscaping proposal and the inscriptions on the memorial. The following year the memorial site was approved by Congress. The total cost of the memorial, $32,555, was raised by the MMF.</p><br>
<p>After they had inspected the memorial, a MMF dinner attended by 150 guests took place at the Mayflower Hotel in July 1941. Amongst the attendees were Speakers of the House of Representative Sam Rayburn and Joseph W. Martin Jr., USA Senators James J. Davis and James M. Mead, USA Representatives Adolph J. Sabath and Samuel Dickstein, and Judge John J. Freschl, the MMFs vice president. Due to the ongoing World War II and Italy being one of the Axis powers, the dinner included speeches on uniting American citizens in a possible conflict. The statue was given to the federal government as a way of Italian Americans showing their loyalty to the USA The timing of the memorials dedication and the fact Marco was a proud supporter of Italian fascism made the event somewhat awkward.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>The Marconi memorial was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites (DCIHS) on February 22, 2007, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on October 12, 2007. The memorial had previously been designated a contributing property to the Mount Pleasant Historic District on October 5, 1987 (DCIHS), and October 12, 2007 (NRHP). A year before the memorial was individually listed, the bronze figures were re-gilded.</p><br>
<h2>Location and design</h2><br>
<p>The Streamline Moderne-style memorial is located on the 0.23 acre (0.09 ha) Reservation 309A at the intersection of 16th and Lamont Streets NW in the Mount Pleasant neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It is sited in front of the Mount Pleasant Branch Public Library. Since the memorial is located on the north end of the reservation, and it is set at an angle, it is visible to people driving north on 16th Street NW. The surrounding landscape around the memorial includes bushes and turf.</p><br>
<p>The sculpture features two bronze pieces. In the front is a bust of Marconi (approx. 40 x 30 x 16 in. 102 x 76 x 42 cm) which sits on a rectangular Stony Creek granite base (200 x 182 x 54; 508 x 462 x 137 cm). Behind the bust is the second bronze (approx. 95 x 32 x 18 in. 241 x 183 x 91 cm) resting on another granite base. The second bronze is an allegorist female figure sitting on a globe with her legs stretched out behind her. She points her proper left arm straight in front of her while her proper right arm is raised and bent at the elbow. She is naked with a small piece of drapery on her lap.</p><br>
<h3>Inscriptions</h3><br>
<p>The base housing the Marconi bust features the following inscriptions:</p><br>
<p>(front)</p><br>
<p>(rear base)</p><br>
<p>(right side)</p><br>
<p>The Hurlbutt Street School is a historic one-room schoolhouse at 157 Hurlbutt Street in Wilton, Connecticut. Built in 1834, it served the town as a school for nearly a century, and was then converted into a local history museum. It is the town&#39;s best-preserved 19th-century district school building, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hurlbutt Street School stands in rural suburban eastern Wilton, on the west side of Hurlbutt Street between Friendlee Lane and Sharp Hill Road. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a gable roof and clapboarded exterior. The roof is capped by a belfry with pilastered arches that are topped by a cupola. A shed-roof addition extends to the rear. The main facade, set beneath one of the roof gables, is three bays wide, with sash windows flanking the center entrance. The interior is finished with plaster walls and pine flooring, and is decorated to show what an early 20th-century schoolhouse looked like. Not far from the schoolhouse stands an outhouse which is known to date to 1925 or earlier.</p><br>
<p>The schoolhouse was built in 1834, on a site nearby that had been used for schools since at least 1792. It was built by local townspeople at no cost to the town, and served as a district school until the town consolidated its schools in 1935. The local ladies&#39; auxiliary, which had been formed a few years earlier to support improvements to the school, was then converted into a nonprofit organization dedicated to its preservation and conversion into a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Hyatt House, also known as the Cashman House, is a Colonial style house at 11 Barlow Mountain Road in Ridgefield, Connecticut. Built about 1735, it is one of the community&#39;s oldest and best-preserved houses, retaining much of its original layout and features. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Thomas Hyatt House is located in a rural residential setting north of Ridgefield&#39;s village center, on the south side of Barlow Mountain Road just east of the Titicus River. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side-gable roof and a central chimney. When built c. 1735 by Thomas Hyatt, the house was three bays in width; the building was widened later in the 18th century, and a rear ell was added in the 20th century. The building retains a significant amount of its original 18th-century woodwork, and is one of the least-altered 18th-century houses in Ridgefield.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Hyatt, the builder of the house, was a prominent local figure in colonial Ridgefield. He served on a boundary commission checking the town&#39;s border with Danbury, and served in the American Revolutionary War, as did his some Thomas Jr. The house remained in the Hyatt family until 1832. The principal alteration to the structure has been the lowering of some of its ground-level floors in order to accommodate a particularly large cabinet belonging to the Cashman family, who oversaw a major restoration of the property.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Ives House, also known as Charles Ives Birthplace, is located on Mountainville Avenue in Danbury, Connecticut, United States. It is a wooden frame structure built in 1780 and expanded on since. Over the course of the 19th century, it was the residence of several generations of Iveses, a family important in the city&#39;s history. In 1874, it was the birthplace of Charles Ives, who became an internationally recognized composer in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was originally on Main Street, but was moved twice when two local banks needed to expand. The second move took it to near the current location, west of Rogers Park. It was moved a third time to allow for the construction of a nearby school. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Today it is operated by the Danbury Museum and Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on a seven-acre (3 ha) parcel on the east side of Mountainville Road just south of where Southern Boulevard splits off and Mountainville Avenue becomes Mountainville Road. It is south of Rogers Park and west of Rogers Park Junior High School. A small pond separates those two buildings. To the north the land is generally level and open, with single-family homes on the streets giving way to baseball diamonds in the park. South of the house the land rises to a hill and becomes wooded, with larger houses.</p><br>
<p>A driveway comes into the south side of the house, and large mature trees shelter its north. The building itself is a one-and-a-half-story wood frame structure on a brick foundation sided in clapboard with beaded corner boards in two sections. Two brick chimneys pierce the roof of the western wing.</p><br>
<p>The main section has a gambrel roof, with slightly overhanging eaves and raked cornice on its eastern side. The east (front) entrance is located in a gabled portico with its roof supported by two square fluted columns with similar capitals. Two Corinthinan pilasters join it to the house. Its closed pediment has a half-round molded dentil course. Three dormer windows with semicircular fanlights pierce the roof&#39;s lower slant at the front.</p><br>
<p>A western wing projects from the main block at that side. Connecting it and the main block on the north side is a small porch with square fluted columns similar to those on the front. Its southern roof pitch is greater than that on the north. On that elevation is a double-windowed dormer without the fanlight. On the south side of the wing is a small one-story, three-bay addition with a wheelchair ramp. A shed-roofed porch is on the west side.</p><br>
<p>The interior has been extensively altered. The woodwork is plain Victorian. The house is floored in uniform width tongue and groove boards and the walls appear to be lath and plaster.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main section was built by Thomas Tucker in 1780, as the Revolutionary War was ending. At that time Danbury was a small area of houses and shops around a Congregationalist church on what is today Main Street. Tucker ran a private school out of the house as well.</p><br>
<p>In 1828, Isaac Ives bought the house. He was in his 80s at the time, and it would become identified with the family primarily due to his son George White Ives. At informal gatherings in the house, the younger Ives would help found the Danbury and Norwalk Railroad, still in use today as the Danbury Branch of Metro-North&#39;s New Haven Line, and the Savings Bank of Danbury, one of the earliest local banks.</p><br>
<p>Other Ives descendants sat on the board of what became the Danbury Fair and Danbury Hospital. George Edward Ives fought in the Civil War with the 1st Connecticut Heavy Artillery during the Overland Campaign. Lyman Brewster, who married into the family, met in the house with Woodrow Wilson while drafting the Negotiable Instruments Act. The Iveses also developed side streets off Main, one of which is now named for the family, as the settlement grew into a city by the end of the century. They also added the wing on the house and redecorated its interior in accordance with the taste of the times.</p><br>
<p>Charles Ives was born in the house in 1874, while it was still located at 210 Main Street. While he was still in early childhood his family moved to Stevens Street, but they came back for frequent family occasions, which often included playing classical music on the piano. Even after he went to Yale University and lived in places other than Danbury for the rest of his life, he often returned to the family home. In 1924 the front dormers were added, the year the Iveses moved the house to Chapel Place, just behind the first site, so the Danbury National Bank could expand. Charles and his brother also felt that, in a neighborhood that was by then heavily commercial, it had lost the aura that had helped inspire his music.</p><br>
<p>Ives still visited the house frequently over the rest of his life, even after he gave up composing and moved to nearby West Redding, where he died in 1954. It is the only extant former residence of his that is connected to his musical career, since the two houses where he lived in Hartsdale, New York, during most of his productive years are no longer in existence. After his death his sister-in-law remained in the house until her death in 1964.</p><br>
<p>Three years later, in 1967, another bank, Fairfield County Trust, wanted to expand its parking lot adjacent to the house. The bank conveyed the house to the Danbury Historical Society, which bought a 14 acre site south of Rogers Park and moved it to Memorial Drive. It was moved for the last time in 1971, four years later, when the local school district wanted to build Rogers Park Junior High School. To facilitate this move, the schools leased the eastern seven acres from the museum for 99 years with an option to renew. The Danbury Museum & Historical Society Authority is fundraising to rehabilitate the house and open it as a museum. Phase I (restoration of the exterior) was completed in 2016. Phase II, the rehabilitation of the interior, was completed in 2021. The building is now open via appointment for tours year-round.</p><br>
<p>The Lewis June House, also known as the Scott House, is a historic house at 478 North Salem Road in Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA. Built c. 1865, it is one of a small number of Second Empire houses in Ridgefield, and its best-preserved and most elaborate example of the style. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lewis June House stands in a rural-residential area about 2 mi north of Ridgefield&#39;s village center, on the east side of North Salem Road, a short way south of Barlow Mountain Road. It is a wood-frame structure, stories in height, with a mansard roof pierced by gabled dormers with elaborate trim. The eaves are studded with elaboheavy decorative brackets. The center bay of the main facade projects, and a single-story porch extends further, supported by groups of square columns, with decorative capitals and bracketing. The window above the porch has a pair of round-topped windows, with projecting cornice above supported by small brackets. The interior retains many original features and finishes, including the central staircase and the fireplace surround in the main parlor.</p><br>
<p>Lewis June, for whom the house was built, purchased the land in this area in 1831, and supposedly built this house as a replacement for the original homestead, which was destroyed by fire. June was involved in the circus business, and wintered some of his circus ponies on the property. The house originally had a rear wing, which was moved c. 1940 (along with a barn that stood on the property) to become part of a nearby house.</p><br>
<p>The Mechanics Bank and Trust Company Building is an office building located at 612 South Gay Street in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Built in 1907 for the Mechanics Bank and Trust Company, the building now houses offices for several law firms and financial agencies. The building&#39;s facade was constructed with locally quarried marble, and is designed in the Second Renaissance Revival style. In 1983, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>The Mechanics National Bank was chartered in 1882, and moved into a building at what is now 612 South Gay that same year. Within a few months of opening, the banks president, Thomas OConnor, was killed in a notorious shootout. In 1907, after the bank reorganized as the Mechanics Bank and Trust, it built the first three floors of the current Mechanics Bank building. The Union National Bank absorbed Mechanics Bank in 1922, and added the top two stories the following year. The building later housed a branch of the Hamilton National Bank (headquartered in the nearby Holston building). In the early 1980s, the building was home to the City and County Bank,</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Mechanics Bank building is a six-story (five floors and a mezzanine) rectangular building that measures roughly 145 ft by 32 ft. The building&#39;s facade (facing Gay Street) is constructed of locally quarried Tennessee marble, while the sides and rear of the building are constructed of brick and reinforced concrete. The building originally consisted of three floors and a mezzanine. In 1923, two more floors were added, with the builders carefully following the original design scheme. An elevator penthouse was added to the roof several decades later.</p><br>
<p>The design of the Mechanics Bank building is derived from the Second Renaissance Revival style. Six Ionic capitals span the buildings three-bay main floor facade, with the middle two capitals resting atop marble columns that flank either side of the recessed entrance. A heavy cornice separates the main floor facade from the facade of the upper floors. The main entrance is a high archway topped by a pedimental hood. The central bay of the upper floors facade is recessed, with balustrades spanning the recess between the first and second floors and the third and fourth floors, and a stylized cornice with a central arm-and-hammer symbol (the Mechanics Bank symbol) above the top floor.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building has been extensively remodeled, although some original features remain. The buildings entry foyer contains pink marble walls, and two marble columns flank the lobbys central entrance. The lobby itself still retains some original marble wainscoting and plaster beams. Nine columns border the two-story lobby of the first floor suite with crown molding and a large mezzanine above the original bank vault that has been remodeled and now serves the purpose of a kitchen.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history of the property</h3><br>
<p>The land on which the Mechanics&#39; Bank building is now situated (612 South Gay Street) was originally part of the property set aside by James White and Charles McClung for Blount College (now the University of Tennessee) in the early 1790s. The Bank of Tennessee (1812&ndash;1828) was the first financial institution to occupy the site.</p><br>
<h3>Mechanics&#39; Bank and Trust</h3><br>
<p>In 1882, the East Tennessee National Bank moved to a new building, and the Mechanics National Bank, chartered that same year, moved into the older building at 612 Gay Street. The banks first officers were Thomas OConnor (president), Edward J. Sanford (vice president), and Samuel House (cashier). In October 1882, OConnor was killed in a shootout with Knoxville entrepreneur Joseph Mabry that took place in front of the bank. The shootout, in which Mabry and his son were also killed, made national headlines, and was mentioned in Mark Twain&#39;s book, Life on the Mississippi.</p><br>
<p>After OConnors death, Sanford served as the bank&#39;s president until 1883, when Knoxville businessman and future mayor Samuel B. Luttrell (1844&ndash;1933) was named president. Luttrell remained president of the bank for several decades. In 1900, the book, Standard History of Knoxville, reported that the bank had assets of $100,000 in capital, $110,000 in surplus, $500,000 in deposits, and $425,000 in loans and discounts.</p><br>
<p>In 1907, Mechanics National Bank abandoned its national charter and reorganized as the state-chartered Mechanics Bank and Trust Company, which built the current Mechanics Bank and Trust Company Building. Mechanics Bank was absorbed by Union National Bank in 1922, and Union National (which added the buildings two top floors in 1923) was in turn absorbed by Holston-Union National Bank in 1928. After Holston-Union failed in 1930, it was replaced by the Hamilton National Bank, which operated a branch out of the Mechanics Bank building for several decades.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>During the 1950s, the top floor of the Mechanics&#39; Bank building hosted the studios of radio station WROL-AM, which was known for its promoter and host, Cas Walker. The Everly Brothers were among the most well-known artists to perform regularly for the station during this period.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s, banking entrepreneur Jake Butcher acquired control of Hamilton National Bank, and renamed it United American Bank. The Mechanics Bank building then became a branch of the City and County Bank, headed by Butchers brother, C. H. Butcher. In 1983, after federal investigators charged the Butcher brothers with bank fraud, the City and County Bank, along with the other Butcher banks, collapsed. The building has since been renovated as an office building.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph W. Bettendorf House is a historic building located in Bettendorf, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983. Built as a private home, the building now houses a private school named Rivermont Collegiate.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Joseph and his brother William were industrialists in neighboring Davenport before their factory burned to the ground in 1902 and they moved their operation to the small town of Gilbert, which would rename itself Bettendorf the following year. Both men built large homes in the town of Bettendorf in the early 20th century. William, born in 1857, built his home first on a 22 acre estate. It was completed for about $150,000 around the year 1910, but he died before it was finished. His wife and stepson lived in the residence until 1926 when it was sold to the Grand Lodge of Iowa, AF & AM, and became the Iowa Masonic Nursing Home.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Bettendorf, born in 1864, built this 28-room house from 1914 to 1915. It was designed by Davenport architect Arthur H. Ebeling, who referred to Bettendorf as the "fussy one." Craftsmen were brought from Europe to build the home. It is located on a high wooded bluff that overlooks the Mississippi River Valley, and the former location of the Bettendorf office and factory complex along the river. The estate was entered through a winding driveway off of Mississippi Boulevard. Its 17 acre housed tennis courts, stables, a greenhouse, carriage house, servant&#39;s quarters (non-extant), and a yard to raise chickens. There were formal gardens on the north side of the property that surrounded a pond with a fountain. East of the main house was a swimming pool, which has since been filled in, and a bathhouse, which is now a private home. The Bettendorfs employed a staff of fifteen to care for the house and their needs.</p><br>
<p>The house was sold to a religious order of men in the Catholic Church called the Marists in 1959. They used the building for a seminary. In 1973 the house was sold to St. Katharines-St. Marks School, a college prep school operated by the Episcopal Diocese of Iowa. In 1980 the school amicably split with the church, and in 2001 it changed its name to Rivermont Collegiate. Over the years, buildings were added to the property for use by the school. The Bettendorf Home houses the upper school and offices. The house&#39;s significance is derived from its association with Joseph Bettendorf during the years he ran the Bettendorf Company alone, architect Arthur Ebeling who designed it, and school that occupies it.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Bettendorf house is considered a well-preserved example of the English Manor Style, and it was once described as "the finest mansion ever built in the Quad-Cities." The north elevation is considered the public facade as that is where the main entrance is located, but the south elevation is more ornate. When it was built it contained marble fireplaces, marble and hardwood floors, ornate ceilings, paneling made from different woods, crystal chandeliers, and lead glass windows. There is a glass-covered marquee above the front entrance on the north side of the home. A grand staircase on the south side of the house leads through a terraced, landscaped garden, and is flanked by statues of guard dogs. The entire third floor was a ballroom. The basement held a card room, gymnasium, billiard room, and two bowling allies. The residence remained intact with its original furnishings into the 1940s. Renovations in 1966 and 1973 increased the number of bathrooms, the library was converted into a chapel, and the bowling alley and the pool were eliminated. Later, the ballroom was converted into a library. The two-story brick carriage house, which was built at the same time as the main house, remains in its original location.</p><br>
<p>First United Methodist Church is a historic congregation of the United Methodist Church in downtown London, Ohio, United States. Founded in London&#39;s earliest years, the congregation worships in a historic church building that was built in the 1890s.</p><br>
<h2>Congregational history</h2><br>
<p>A small group of individuals formed a congregation of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1813 or 1814, very soon after London was platted. In its earliest years, the societys members worshipped in each others homes, and preaching was rare; London&#39;s church was part of a circuit of twenty-four Methodist preaching stations. In 1820, the congregation built a log church building on a downtown corner lot; it was the first church building in London. After twenty years, the congregation decided to move. Obtaining property a few blocks away, they built a larger frame church, 60 ft on each side, and a brick parsonage.</p><br>
<p>During the 1860s, the congregation saw many changes. In 1860, the pastors responsibilities were reduced; except for Kingsley Chapel, a small church near London, he was no longer assigned to serve any churches other than London, and Kingsley later closed. The same year saw the completion of a new brick church building, which was placed on the site of the frame church building; measuring 90 ft by 40 ft, it cost $7,500 to build. Other buildings were erected in the following few years: a new parsonage was completed in 1863, and a small chapel was added to the churchs rear in 1866 by the gift of a member.</p><br>
<p>Among the congregation&#39;s leading past members was Jeriah Swetland, prominent local businessman and state representative.</p><br>
<h2>Church building</h2><br>
<p>Continued growth produced a need for a fourth church building, and the third building was sold in the early 1890s. Buying a house at 52 N. Main Street, the congregation moved it to a nearby empty lot and renovated it for use as a parsonage. With the houses original location now empty, a larger church was erected on the site. At the time of its dedication on November 18, 1894, it had cost $45,000 to build. This church remains in use to the present day. Designed by the architectural firm of Crapsey and Brown, it was built in a combination of the Gothic Revival and Jacobean Revival architectural styles. The churchs brick and sandstone walls rests on a foundation of sandstone; they are topped with an asphalt roof, and the building is decorated with wooden and glass elements.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>In 1996, First United Methodist was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its well-preserved historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>Today, First United Methodist is a part of the Capitol Area South District of the West Ohio Conference of the United Methodist Church. As of 2019, it is served by Pastor David Leckrone and Associate Pastor Seth Evans.</p><br>
<p>Fort Pemberton was one of the larger confederate forts was constructed in the defense of Charleston, South Carolina during the American Civil War. At the war&#39;s outset in 1861, it became evident that control of the western regions of James Island and the Stono River was to be an important element in the defense of the city. Confederate military authorities of the time believed that Union occupation of James Island would leave Charleston subject to attack from the southeast. From this position, the city would assuredly fall to the Union. Although there were many gun batteries in place along the south and east side of James Island, Fort Pemberton was the only fortress in defense of this region.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The construction of Fort Pemberton employed largely slave labor drawn from the neighboring plantations. The fort was of earthen construction, except for the framing over the earth-covered shot furnace and powder magazines, which were suspected to be of being wood. The fort&#39;s original section was constructed in 1862 by order of Confederate Brig. General John C. Pemberton, who was at the time commander of the Charleston defenses and had the distinction of having the fort named for him. The fort was a heavily fortified structure. It represented an evolved example of Confederate military engineering.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s shape was pentagonal, with bastions along the perimeter. The fort measured approximately 400 feet by 350 feet with walls 10 to 12 feet high and 20 feet thick at the base. An additional 700-foot-long rampart was constructed the following year which directly flanked the original section on the southeast.</p><br>
<h2>Defenses</h2><br>
<p>The fort was designed to function as both a land and water battery. By October 1862, the forts armament included 20 guns of various calibers. The forts position was to deny Federal gun boat attack from the Stono River which ran along the western shores of James Island. Union gunboats continued to have dominance of portions of the Stono river out of range of Fort Pemberton&#39;s guns. In addition, the fort had complete control of the critical Wappoo Creek that meandered eastward into the Ashley River which borders Charleston to the west.</p><br>
<p>In addition to guarding against water access, the fort was also designed as a land battery. As an enclosed structure, many of Fort Pembertons guns faced inland in the event of a land attack. Fort Pemberton served as the western anchor of James Islands shore defense.</p><br>
<h2>Condition</h2><br>
<p>The fort has remained essentially intact since its completion in 1863 and is presently covered with a substantial growth of live oak and other indigenous trees. Its setting gives the fort a park-like appearance. Intrusions on the property are several residences which do not significantly alter the integrity of the fort. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Notman Bridge is a historic concrete arch bridge over the Ausable River at Keene Valley in Essex County, New York. It was built in 1913 and is an arch bridge faced with stone, 16 feet wide and spanning 62 feet, 6 inches at roughly 14 feet above water level. The bridge is privately owned and access is through the Keene Valley Country Club.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Kettle Creek Historic District encompasses one of the earliest settlement areas of the town of Weston, Connecticut. It consists of a small crossroads village center, extending north from the junction of Weston Road  and Broad Street to the junction with Old Weston Road, and includes a small number of well-preserved 18th and 19th-century houses. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kettle Creek district is located south of Weston&#39;s current town center, and takes its name from an eponymous brook, and a historic school district. It is a basically linear district extending along Weston Road, and includes four houses, three on the west side of the road and one on the east. Three of the houses were built before 1800, two of which are Capes and one of which is a Dutch Colonial. The fourth house is an early Colonial Revival structure, built in 1895. Each of the properties has one or more outbuildings, including several 19th-century barns and an early (c. 1920) automobile garage.</p><br>
<p>Westons colonial settlement history begins in the 18th century, when the area was part of Fairfield. It developed as a dispersed collection of farmsteads, mostly located along area waterways. Weston Road was a principal north–south route, joining coastal communities to Danbury further north. Scribners Tavern, which survives in part in one of the older homes in this district, was a major stop on that stagecoach route. In the 19th century, the village was substantial enough to include a post office, store, and blacksmith&#39;s shop.</p><br>
<p>The Zaleski Mound Group is a collection of three burial mounds in the village of Zaleski, Ohio, United States. Built by people of the prehistoric Adena culture, these earthworks are valuable archaeological sites.</p><br>
<h2>Mound 1, Ranger Station</h2><br>
<p>The largest of the three Zaleski mounds, the Ranger Station Mound is a conical structure located within the bounds of Zaleski State Forest. Located in a community park by the entrance to the forest, the mound is tree-covered with few changes from its original state. At a height of 14.4 ft, it is the largest mound in the Zaleski Mound Group.</p><br>
<p>In the 1850s, local residents dug into the mound and placed a cold cellar on its northern side; in the process, they uncovered a skeleton that was given into the possession of a local doctor. The changing needs of the state forest led the Ohio Department of Natural Resources to remove the cellar in 1959; after the intrusion was taken out of its place, the mound was restored to its original shape. In spite of the digging needed to create the cellar, the Ranger Station Mound is the best-preserved of the mounds in the Zaleski Group. No archaeological excavation has ever been carried out at Mound No. 3, the Methodist Church Mound, but it has possibly been damaged by the construction of a fence line. Due to its size and location, the Ranger Station Mound may contain more valuable artifacts than either of the other two mounds.</p><br>
<h2>Mound 2, Markham</h2><br>
<p>The Markham Mound is a privately owned structure. Despite its proximity to the other two mounds, no evidence is present of any ancient village site near the mound.</p><br>
<h2>Mound 3, Methodist Church</h2><br>
<p>The Zaleski Methodist Church Mound is a wide, low mound in the shape of an ellipse. Measuring 60 ft long and 53 ft wide, it is only slightly more than 7 ft tall. At the time of white settlement, it may have been taller; the presence of evidence of a fence across the top suggests that the activity of settlers may have reduced it.</p><br>
<p>Located immediately behind the Zaleski United Methodist Church, it may be the most valuable of the six mounds that originally composed the Zaleski Mound Group. Three of the six have been destroyed, while both the Ranger Station Mound and the Markham Mound have been disturbed since the time of white settlement. As the Zaleski Methodist Church Mound shows little evidence of damage, it presumably contains the grave goods that were originally buried within.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>In 1974, the three mounds were listed on the National Register of Historic Places: Mound 2 on May 3, and the others on July 15. All three received this designation because they were seen as important archaeological sites for understanding the Adena people that built them. The three mounds that have been destroyed were not listed, because archaeological sites that have been greatly disturbed are not eligible for inclusion on the Register. The Register also includes one other archaeological site in Vinton County and one building in Zaleski: a mound near Londonderry known as the "Ratcliffe Mound," and the Masonic Lodge No. 472 respectively.</p><br>
<p>The Ackerman–Smith House is located at 171 East Allendale Road in the borough of Saddle River in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The oldest part of this historic house was built around 1760. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 29, 1986, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Saddle River Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>From 1881 to 1901, it was the home of Alfred P. Smith, publisher of The Landscape. According to the nomination form, it was one of the earliest newspapers published in the state by an African-American.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The wood-frame building was originally constructed as a single room around 1760. A later addition doubled its size. The house is now a four-bay unit with a gabled roof. Western wings, porch and dormers were also added.</p><br>
